Utilizing a graphene matrix to overcome the intrinsic limitations of red phosphorus as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries

Yue, Zishuang; Gupta, Tushar; Wang, Fan; Li, Chao; Kumar, R.; Yang, Zhenyu; Koratkar, Nikhil

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.043

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…8 P reacts electrochemically with both Li and sodium via an alloy-reaction mechanism (P + 3X + + 3e À / X 3 P, X: Li, Na) at an attractive potential (e.g., $0.7 V in average versus Li + /Li for red P) and delivers a high theoretical capacity (2,596 mAh g À1 , 6,075 mAh cm À3 ). [29][30][31][32][33][34] Thus, P is an ideal anode material for fast-charging LIBs in consideration of both battery safety and energy density. Among the three main allotropes of P (white, red, and black), 35 red P is the most attractive because of its abundance, low cost, and good stability in air 36 and is suitable for widespread industrial applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

Sun

Wang

et al. 2019

Joule

195

160

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We propose red phosphorus (P) as an ideal anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries and demonstrate a red P-carbon nanocomposite with excellent fastcharging capability, high capacity based on the volume and weight of the whole electrode, and stable cycling with 100.0% (G0.1%) Coulombic efficiency at a highareal-capacity loading, meeting the standards of industrial applications. SUMMARYWe propose that red phosphorus (P) is an ideal anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of the combined advantages of high capacity (6,075 mAh cm À3 ) and relatively low yet safe lithiation potential ($0.7 V versus Li/Li + ). A red P/C nanocomposite has been fabricated, featuring amorphous red P nanodomains embedded in the nanopores of micrometer-scale porous conductive carbon with interior nanoscale void spaces, a conductive P-free carbon superficial layer, and a high tap density of 1.0 g cm À3 . At an industrial-level areal capacity (3 mAh cm À2 or higher), a P/C electrode shows considerably better fast-charging capability than commercial graphite and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrodes, as well as much higher volumetric capacity and specific capacity based on the whole electrode. Meanwhile, our P/C electrode shows excellent long-term cycling stability with Coulombic efficiency of 100.0% (G0.1%) and 90% capacity retention from the 5 th to 500 th cycles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

Sun

Wang

et al. 2019

Joule

195

160

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“…The lithium storage properties of P@NPHPC in comparison with red P were evaluated using coin-type cells. both electrodes show an irreversible cathodic peak in the first cycle, corresponding to SEI formation [15]. The dramatically lower current density in red P with respect to P@NPHPC electrode could be ascribed to its low conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…To overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of red P, carbonaceous materials have been employed as hosts to compensate the conductivity of red P, thus facilitating charge transfer during the electrochemical reactions, and buffering the volume expansion of red P during cycling [13]. Although a number of delicate techniques, including electrospinning [14,15], high pressure-assisted spraying [16], vaporization-condensation [17], ball milling [18], solvothermal [19], and wet chemical processing have been applied to synthesize red P@carbon composites [20], their practical application remains a long road to go due to the following issues: (1) the exploration of carbonaceous hosts is limited to one dimensional (1D) carbon nano-tubes/nanofibers [21,22] and two-dimensional (2D) graphene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [8,16]. As a result, the obtained composites generally suffer from insufficient P/C interface, leading to unsatisfactory cycling stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A facile grinding approach to embed red phosphorus in N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon for superior lithium storage

et al. 2019

Sci. China Mater.

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Despite red phosphorous (P)-based anodes hold great promise for advanced lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, their practical application is hindered by poor electronic conductivity and drastic volume changes during charge-discharge processes. In order to tackle these issues, herein, a facile grinding method was developed to embed sub-micro-and nano-sized red P particles in N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon (NPHPC). Such a unique structure enables P@NPHPC long-cyclic stability (1120 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g −1) and superior rate performance (248 mA h g −1 at 6400 mA g −1). It is believed that our method holds great potential in scalable synthesis of P@carbon composites for future practical applications.

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“…[72][73][74][75][76][77] A material containing a significant content of P4 in stabilized form, in which the volume expansion would also be appropriately buffered, may be able to overcome this obstacle. [78][79] Previous attempts to Figure 7. XPS spectra of PC3 and PC5 synthesized at 800 °C in the P 2p region (black symbols), showing contributions primarily from P-P (blue lines) and P-C (green lines) bonding environments in the material bulk (i.e., after 20 min of argon ion sputtering).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Phosphorus-Doped Graphitic Carbon

et al. 2018

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A direct synthetic route to a tunable range of phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon materials is demonstrated via the reaction of benzene and phosphorus trichloride in a closed reactor at elevated temperatures (800-1050 °C). Graphitic materials of continuously variable composition PCx up to a limit of approximately x = 5 are accessible, where phosphorus is incorporated both substitutionally within the graphite lattice and as stabilized P4 molecules. Higher temperatures result in a more ordered graphitic lattice while the maximum phosphorus content is not observed to diminish. Lower temperatures and higher initial phosphorus content in the reaction mixture are shown to correlate with higher structural disorder. Phosphorus incorporation within directly-synthesized PCx, as both a substitutional dopant and in the form of interstitial, stabilized molecular P4, is demonstrated to occur with little oxygen contamination in the bulk (<4 at%), motivating promising future applications in fuel cells and alkali metal-ion batteries.

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Utilizing a graphene matrix to overcome the intrinsic limitations of red phosphorus as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

A facile grinding approach to embed red phosphorus in N,P-codoped hierarchical porous carbon for superior lithium storage

Bulk Phosphorus-Doped Graphitic Carbon

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