Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

Sun, Yongming; Wang, Li; Li, Yanbin; Li, Yuzhang; Lee, Hye Ryoung; Pei, Allen; He, Xiangming; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.01.017

Cited by 195 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, Cui and co‐workers observed a phosphorus/carbon composite anode in an electrochemical cell inside TEM using electrical probing . Due to a structural design of the composite, a stably reversible ≈40% volume (≈12% size) expansion was observed, as shown in Figure i–m, much lower than the ≈300% expansion of phosphorus.…”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Figure m shows electron energy loss spectra (EELS) of the anode material at different stages, as an additional chemical characterization support to the lithiation and delithiation process kinetics. The P/C electrode showed a superb stability with 90% capacity retention after 500 cycles . This is a very typical example of how an open cell setup is realized by in situ electrical probing for research on the electrode materials.…”

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 80%

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Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

et al. 2019

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replacing gasoline, diesel, or other types of fuels with electricity, it is expected that our world will become more environmentally friendly by storing energy directly from sustainable sources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, bioenergy, and the ocean. Even Australia, as a country with abundant energy resources, has identified energy as one of the key scientific research priorities. It is clear that the efficiency of energy harvesting and consumption must be improved, emissions must be reduced, and the integration of various energy sources into the electricity grid and chemical storage must be implemented. A desirable outlook is one with a variety of energy sources and mechanisms that significantly reduces carbon emissions and is economical for consumers and society. Recent fast-growing research should boost the development of reliable, highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable energy materials that are effective for new technologies and that satisfy the growing demand for energy storage and climate change solutions.The progress in energy materials is indeed significant, however, as the expectations of energy materials research are always quite high, it is not sufficient. Particularly, the material performances are always theoretically predicted but are limited by the underlying mechanisms in real applications. As a wellknown example, silicon is expected to deliver a high theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh g −1 in the form of Li 4.4 Si, and is thought to replace the currently commercial graphite with a capacity of 372 mAh g −1 . However, in real applications, it is found that Si exhibits more than 360% of volume expansion during lithiation, which leads to battery anode failure. In the last few years, TEM, especially in situ TEM, has provided exceptional advantages in investigating the lithiation process of silicon anodes: direct imaging, full crystallography information, and real-time recording have all become possible. By directly observing the charge/discharge processes of Si anodes, the dynamics of expansion have been well understood. The research has then been focused on structural designs of composites containing Si to overcome the expansion. The Si composites (for instance, carbon-wrapped Si nanoparticles with different sizes) were directly analyzed by in situ TEM to determine the best structural design. [12] From 2012, in situ TEM became an essential tool to review and evaluate structural designs for high-capacity anodes with significant volume expansions. The same scenarios apply to similar research topics. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is one of the most powerfulapproaches for revealing physical and chemical process dynamics at atomic resolutions. The most recent developments for in situ TEM techniques are summarized; in particular, how they enable visualization of various events, measure properties, and solve problems in the field of energy by revealing detailed mechanisms at the nanoscale. Related applications include rechargeable batteries such as Li-ion, Na-ion, Li-O 2 , Na-O 2 , Li...

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Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 80%

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

et al. 2019

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“…A general strategy is to physically deposit RP in the carbon hosts via an evaporation/condensation process. [ 5–19 ] Note that a necessary high temperature of 500–900 °C is commonly applied in order to ensure the conversion of the bulk RP into the gas phase. In this process, RP sublimates and diffuses in the carbon hosts and finally form a carbon/RP composite.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 5 ] Moreover, the unstable, toxic, and flammable white phosphorus will also generate accompanied with the evaporation/condensation process, generally requiring further annealing thereafter washing with toxic CS 2 . [ 5–19 ] Recently, a solution‐processed encapsulation method has been developed to facilitate the formation of RP nanoparticles inside MWCNTs and meanwhile allow the easy removal of the external phosphorus anchored on the outer wall of MWCNTs because this solution‐based process avoids the formation of crystalline RP, and finally the phosphorus@MWCNTs hybrids exhibited a significantly improved cycling stability. [ 20 ]…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, CNTs/MWCNTs, [ 5–9 ] graphene, [ 9–13 ] carbon nanofibers, [ 14,15 ] and some carbonaceous materials derived from biomass and organic precursors have been reported as porous carbon hosts for loading RP. [ 14–19 ] Among them, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derived porous carbons have attracted much interest due to their outstanding advantages such as controllable and high porosity, good thermal/chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, as well as easy modification with other elements and materials, etc. [ 21–24 ] Especially in the case of porous carbons derived from zinc‐based MOFs, their porosity can be further increased by evaporating the reduced zinc at an operationally feasible boiling point, which would enable to load more RP to improve the mass loading and thus the corresponding energy density.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Mild‐Temperature Solution‐Assisted Encapsulation of Phosphorus into ZIF‐8 Derived Porous Carbon as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode

Yan

Zhao

et al. 2020

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The high theoretical capacity of red phosphorus (RP) makes it a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the large volume change of RP during charging/discharging imposes an adverse effect on the cyclability and the rate performance suffers from its low conductivity. Herein, a facile solution‐based strategy is exploited to incorporate phosphorus into the pores of zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) derived carbon hosts under a mild temperature. With this method, the blocky RP is etched into the form of polyphosphides anions (PP, mainly P5−) so that it can easily diffuse into the pores of porous carbon hosts. Especially, the indelible crystalline surface phosphorus can be effectively avoided, which usually generates in the conventional vapor‐condensation encapsulation method. Moreover, highly‐conductive ZIF‐8 derived carbon hosts with any pore smaller than 3 nm are efficient for loading PP and these pores can alleviate the volume change well. Finally, the composite of phosphorus encapsulated into ZIF‐8 derived porous carbon exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance as lithium‐ion battery anode with a high capacity of 786 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, a good stability within 700 cycles at 1 A g−1, and an excellent rate performance.

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Superassembled Red Phosphorus Nanorod–Reduced Graphene Oxide Microflowers as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

et al. 2021

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Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes using red phosphorus materials are promising with the advantages of high capacity, low price, and abundant reserves. However, the huge volume expansion (≈300%) of red phosphorus during the charge and discharge process significantly limits their application. Herein, superassembled red phosphorus nanorod/reduced graphene oxide microflower (RPN/rGF) composites are reported. The RPNs can accommodate huge volume expansion, shorten lithium‐ion transmission distances, and provide more conductive contacts, and the rGF serves as an electron pathway and buffers the RPN volume expansion. Experimental and finite element simulations prove the fixation of PC bonds in the RPN/rGF composite, thereby demonstrating a high capacity (1760 mA h g−1 at 0.3 C), remarkable rate capability (1073 mA h g−1 at 3 C), and great cyclability (1380 mA h g−1 at 0.3 C over 300 cycle). This work could shed light on the future development of red phosphorus composite materials for commercially viable lithium‐ion batteries.

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Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

Cited by 195 publications

References 49 publications

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Recent Progress of In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Energy Materials

Mild‐Temperature Solution‐Assisted Encapsulation of Phosphorus into ZIF‐8 Derived Porous Carbon as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode

Superassembled Red Phosphorus Nanorod–Reduced Graphene Oxide Microflowers as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

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