Utilization of tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) shells as alternative raw materials for manufacturing particleboard

Chaydarreh, Kamran Choupani; Lin, Xiuyi; Guan, Lan; Hong, Yang; Gu, Jin; Hu, Chuanshuang

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113221

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As an agricultural waste, SCOA is produced in millions of tons every year but mostly burnt. , To produce CNCs from SCOA is therefore of great economic and environmental significance. It was reported that the morphology of SCOA is quite different from wood, and the composition analysis shows that SCOA contains significantly less cellulose but proportionally more lignin and hemicellulose than wood . We explore the ability of the production route to achieve desired CNC properties and further provide an insight into the role of acid hydrolysis time to tailor the CNC features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that the morphology of SCOA is quite different from wood, and the composition analysis shows that SCOA contains significantly less cellulose but proportionally more lignin and hemicellulose than wood. 37 We explore the ability of the production route to achieve desired CNC properties and further provide an insight into the role of acid hydrolysis time to tailor the CNC features. It is the first study so far encompassing simultaneous production of two characteristic CNCs from a single cellulose resource.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Simultaneous Production of Two Distinct Types of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Chen

Ouyang

2022

Langmuir

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We develop a route to prepare two types of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, CNC1 and CNC2) from a unique biomass resource, the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel (SCOA), by integrating sulfuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization and examine the effects of hydrolysis time on characteristics of the CNCs during the process. The CNCs exhibit different evolutions in size, morphology, surface charge, and crystallinity with increasing hydrolysis time. While both the CNCs have high crystallinity, CNC1 is of rod-like character with a relatively low aspect ratio, and CNC2 exhibits a hairy appearance with a high aspect ratio. We highlight that controlled acid hydrolysis contributes to the formation of weak spots with an increased susceptibility for homogenizing cellulosic solid residues into hairy CNCs. This is a good step toward tailoring CNC properties in a conventional and scalable approach to maximize their potential applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Simultaneous Production of Two Distinct Types of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Chen

Ouyang

2022

Langmuir

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“…Camellia seed cake is an important byproduct of the Camellia seed shell during oil extraction process. The worldwide production of defatted seeds is nearly 800,000 tons per year (Chaydarreh, 2021;Liang, 2017;Feng et al, 2019). After the seed oil is pressed, the…”

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confidence: 99%

“…residue is usually compressed into a cake shape. Although defatted seeds are rich in bioactive compounds, Camellia seed cake is primarily used as fuel or discarded without isolation and further exploitation, which not only results in agricultural wastes but also leads to environmental pollution and huge economic loss (Chaydarreh, 2021;Liang, 2017;Feng et al, 2019). Thus, it is important to explore an effective strategy to make full use of the resource to improve the economic value and health benefits of Camellia seed cake.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and skin-whitening potentials of defatted Camellia seed cakes

Kim

2022

JANS

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Defatted Camellia japonica L. seed cake is an important byproduct during the manufacture of Camellia seed oil. The present study evaluated the influence of two extraction solvents on the total contents of phenol and flavonoid, antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effect capable of inhibiting the biosynthesis of melanin of defatted Camellia seed cakes, a byproduct from Camellia oil production. The antioxidant capacities of 100% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts were analysed using radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, O2-, H2O2 and NO), SOD-like, ferrous ion chelating and reducing power assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were further determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Moreover, intracellular antityrosinase activity and melanin contents were evaluated in human malignant melanoma cells (SK mel-100). Ethanol extracts of defatted Camellia seed cake extracts exhibited higher phenolic (4097 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) and flavonoid (2899 mg rutin equivalents/100 g) contents with higher superoxide (IC50 = 1.9 mg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50 =1.6 mg/mL) radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating (IC50 = 2.9 mg/mL) and reducing power (IC50 = 1.8 mg/mL) activities than those of methanol. These ethanol extracts also evidenced more effective inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis than methanol extracts. Therefore, the present results demonstrated that defatted Camellia seed cakes could be a valuable source of antioxidative and whitening ingredients, and ethanol was more efficient in extracting antioxidants and bioactive compounds than methanol.

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“…[29][30][31][32] Chaydarreh et al mixed Camellia oleifera shell with polymethylene diphenyl diisocyanate to prepare particleboard using hot-pressing, and the adhesive qualified EN standard for particleboard type P2 (dry conditions), and its thickness swelling (TS) met the minimum requirement of EN 312 for particleboard type P3. [33] This studies have still not solved the internal integration of the fully constructed surface to meet the outdoor-grade use of wood composites, and the Camellia oleifera shell was not fully utilized.…”

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Multifunctional wood composites based on Camellia oleifera shell with harsh‐weather and self‐mildew resistance

et al. 2022

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Camellia oleifera shell is rich in lignin and tea saponin and other natural active substances, and it is used to directly prepare fuel and biochar, which are low‐value applications. Inspired by the tea oil fruit shell, a new type of wood‐based composite was designed, which was bonded between inner layers and coated on the surface with Camellia oleifera shell‐based phenolic resin through a one‐step manufacturing process. The acid catalyst type, reaction time, and substitution ratios (Camellia oleifera shell/phenol) were used to optimize the formulation and process of Camellia oleifera shell phenolic resin. The chemical structure, wet bonding strength, harsh‐weather resistance, thermal properties, and flame resistance of the composites (Camellia oleifera shell phenolic resin surface coated plywood [CSPCPs]) were evaluated. The results indicated that the CSPCPs showed better‐wet bonding strength and thermal properties and harsh‐weather resistance compared with the common uncoated plywood. CSPCP‐3 presented the maximum wet bonding strength of 1.63 MPa. The limiting oxygen indexes of the CSPCPs were all higher than that of common plywood. All CSPCPs displayed excellent acid rain corrosion resistance, with little mass loss under simulated acid rain conditions. Grayscale was used to compare the samples' color to assess their self‐mildew resistance. As the amount of shell increased, the mold resistance of CSPCPs increased. CSPCP‐3 showed excellent comprehensive performance and can be a multifunctional wood composite suitable for outdoor applications.

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Utilization of tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) shells as alternative raw materials for manufacturing particleboard

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

The Simultaneous Production of Two Distinct Types of Cellulose Nanocrystals

The Simultaneous Production of Two Distinct Types of Cellulose Nanocrystals

Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and skin-whitening potentials of defatted Camellia seed cakes

Multifunctional wood composites based on Camellia oleifera shell with harsh‐weather and self‐mildew resistance

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