Utilization of Tea Industrial Waste for Low-Grade Energy Recovery: Optimization of Liquid Oil Production and Its Characterization

Kathir, I.; Haribabu, K.; Kumar, Aditya; Kaliappan, S.; Patil, Pravin P.; Dhanalakshmi, C. Sowmya; Madhu, P.; Birhanu, Habtewolde Ababu

doi:10.1155/2022/7852046

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…e materials were heated from the atmospheric temperature to 700 °C for biomass and 900 °C for plastic material at a heating rate of 15 °C/min. For biomass, the preliminary weight loss that appears at 30-100 °C represents the release of moisture [37]. e sudden weight loss of the biomass was caused by the release of volatile matters after 240 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Interaction of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and Woody Biomass towards Bio-Oil Production

Anandaram

Srivastava

Vijayakumar³

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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In this study, the impacts of co-pyrolyzing wood-based biomass from Ficus benghalensis with PET on liquid oil output, reactivity, and heating values were investigated. The effects of temperature on the product distribution of individual pyrolysis and the biomass-plastic ratio on co-pyrolysis were investigated. For individual pyrolysis, a maximum amount of 40.8 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from biomass at 450°C. On the other hand, a maximum of 59.5 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from PET at 500°C. The co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted by blending PET with biomass at different percentages, such as 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. At 60% addition of PET, a more positive synergistic effect was identified due to radical secondary reactions. In addition, the physical and chemical characterization studies conducted on pyrolysis oil showed that biomass and plastic materials could be used to make valuable chemicals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Interaction of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and Woody Biomass towards Bio-Oil Production

Anandaram

Srivastava

Vijayakumar³

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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“…The temperature of pyrolysis has a considerable impact on product yield and properties [37,38]. The yield of bio-oil generally reach maximum at the temperatures between 400 and 550 °C and then begin to fall with further increment [39,40]. In this case, the yield of char reached its maximum at 350 °C and declined with increased temperature.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Utilization of Eco‐Friendly Waste Eggshell Catalysts for Enhancing Liquid Product Yields through Pyrolysis of Forestry Residues

Kaliappan¹,

Karthick²,

Patil

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In this study, catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of Prosopis juliflora biomass was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor. This study highlights the potential use of forestry residues with waste eggshells under a nitrogen environment. The experiments were conducted to increase the yield of bio-oil by changing the parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, particle size, and catalyst ratio. Under noncatalytic pyrolysis, a maximum bio-oil yield of 40.9 wt% was obtained when the feedstock was pyrolysed at 500°C. During catalytic pyrolysis, the yield of bio-oil was increased by up to 16.95% compared to the noncatalytic process due to the influence of Ca-rich wastes on devolatilization behavior. In particular, the existence of alkali and alkaline-earth metals present in eggshells might have positive effects on the decomposition of biomass material. The bio-oil obtained through catalytic pyrolysis under maximum yield conditions was analyzed for its physical and chemical characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).

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“…Table 1 shows the waste types produced during different stages of the tea processing. According to Kathir et al (2022), in 2020, tea production in India was up to 1,250 million tons, which grew over 5,66,660 hectares. This massive tea production generated about 0.015 million tons of tea waste.…”

Section: Tea Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of Ceylon Tea Waste Conversion to Biochar – a short review

Perera,

Udayanga

2023

sljo-j-jdrra

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A few countries fulfil global tea demand, and Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, is one of the top tea exporters. Tea is Sri Lanka's largest agricultural export, with an annual production of approximately 340 million kg. Consequently, the tea industry generates significant quantities of tea waste. Unfortunately, the Sri Lankan tea industry often ignores proper tea waste management, relying on open dumping and burning, which can harm the environment despite the biodegradable nature of the waste. Among a number of modern waste management methods, pyrolysis is gaining increasing attention as a sustainable waste treatment method as it transforms waste into carbonaceous materials, biofuel and syngas, leaving no waste behind at comparatively lower temperatures (400-600℃). Considering the nature of the Ceylon tea industry, which mainly uses conventional tea production processes, this short review article mainly focused on the effect of tea pyrolysis temperature, derived biochar activation methods, and their uses. Biochar derived from tea waste has demonstrated remarkable utility in various fields. By converting waste into stable carbonaceous materials, it not only mitigates local emissions but also serves as a reliable long-term carbon storage. Moreover, biochar and activated carbon derived from tea waste has proven efficient and cost-effective for removing water, soil, and air contaminants. Industry can obtain financial benefits by introducing derived activated carbon as an adsorbent. These facts highlight the suitability of adopting low-temperature pyrolysis of tea waste and biochar production to the Ceylon tea industry using simple techniques such as double-barrel systems that can be operated with the excess heat produced in boilers.

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Utilization of Tea Industrial Waste for Low-Grade Energy Recovery: Optimization of Liquid Oil Production and Its Characterization

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Interaction of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and Woody Biomass towards Bio-Oil Production

Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Interaction of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and Woody Biomass towards Bio-Oil Production

[Retracted] Utilization of Eco‐Friendly Waste Eggshell Catalysts for Enhancing Liquid Product Yields through Pyrolysis of Forestry Residues

Possibility of Ceylon Tea Waste Conversion to Biochar – a short review

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