Abstract:The present work reveals utilization of renewable sources sorbitol, diacids, and 1,4-butanediol in synthesizing the polyol for polyurethane coatings rather than consumption of petroleum source based ingredients.
“…VOs are among the most significant renewable materials for polymers because of their widespread availability, natural biodegradability, low cost, minimal ecotoxicity and nontoxicity to humans. [11][12][13][14] The VOs are extracted from seeds or, less often, from other pieces of plants. India is rich in forest resources and has a wide variety of trees that produce a large number of oilseeds.…”
Nowadays, the use of non-edible vegetable oils as the raw material for polymer development is growing in interest because of the scarcity and high demand for crude oil and also because of its eco-friendly approach. The utilization of non-edible oil to synthesize the applicable polymers reduces the usage of petrochemicals. To eliminate the reliance on petrochemicals, it is important to search for and extract alternate and domestic non-edible oils suitable for the synthesis of polymeric materials. This is now a promising research approach. The outstanding feature of indigenous, non-edible Madhuca indica oil (MO) is its chemical structure, with unsaturated sites and esters that are considerable ingredient polyols for the development of polymers. This review discusses the origin, structure and extraction of MO and systematically focuses on the recently developed polymers using oil as a renewable source of polyols. We have briefly reviewed MO-based polymeric materials such as alkyd resins like pentaalkyds for scratch resistance, glycerol alkyds for fly-ash coating, pentalkyd LC resins for display coating applications and epoxies of MO for biological coating materials. Also, the important polyurethanes in the pathways of MO-based fatty amide are transformed into the polyetherimide polyols through a step-growth reaction with bisphenol-A or bisphenol derivatives, which again react with isocyanates to produce MO-based PU for excellent adhesion and coating applications. Another type of waterborne polyurethane is made from polyesteramides. These PU coatings are used in the paint and pigment industries. We reviewed their synthesis and widespread use in coatings and composites.
“…VOs are among the most significant renewable materials for polymers because of their widespread availability, natural biodegradability, low cost, minimal ecotoxicity and nontoxicity to humans. [11][12][13][14] The VOs are extracted from seeds or, less often, from other pieces of plants. India is rich in forest resources and has a wide variety of trees that produce a large number of oilseeds.…”
Nowadays, the use of non-edible vegetable oils as the raw material for polymer development is growing in interest because of the scarcity and high demand for crude oil and also because of its eco-friendly approach. The utilization of non-edible oil to synthesize the applicable polymers reduces the usage of petrochemicals. To eliminate the reliance on petrochemicals, it is important to search for and extract alternate and domestic non-edible oils suitable for the synthesis of polymeric materials. This is now a promising research approach. The outstanding feature of indigenous, non-edible Madhuca indica oil (MO) is its chemical structure, with unsaturated sites and esters that are considerable ingredient polyols for the development of polymers. This review discusses the origin, structure and extraction of MO and systematically focuses on the recently developed polymers using oil as a renewable source of polyols. We have briefly reviewed MO-based polymeric materials such as alkyd resins like pentaalkyds for scratch resistance, glycerol alkyds for fly-ash coating, pentalkyd LC resins for display coating applications and epoxies of MO for biological coating materials. Also, the important polyurethanes in the pathways of MO-based fatty amide are transformed into the polyetherimide polyols through a step-growth reaction with bisphenol-A or bisphenol derivatives, which again react with isocyanates to produce MO-based PU for excellent adhesion and coating applications. Another type of waterborne polyurethane is made from polyesteramides. These PU coatings are used in the paint and pigment industries. We reviewed their synthesis and widespread use in coatings and composites.
“…Sugar alcohols as monomers for polymer synthesis have recently received an appreciable amount of attention from researchers, and have been used as substrates to synthesize a wide variety of materials with very different properties and possible applications. These materials include compounds with sugar alcohols scaffolds and azo-arms which can be reversibly photochemically liquefied and solidified [1], shape-memory poly (mannitol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites [2], hydroxyapatite composites with poly (sorbitol sebacate malate) matrix [3] polyurethanes with sorbitol as a chain extender for self-healing materials [4] and protective coatings [5]. Xylitol in particular has been used as a monomer for synthesis of multiple materials with different characteristics, which include: core-shell electrospinnable poly (xylitol sebacate) [6,7], elastomeric copolyester with two dicarboxylic acids used as other monomers [8], and autofluorescent poly (xylitol-dodecandioic acid) [9].…”
In this work, a bio-based copolyester with good mechanical properties was synthesized and characterized in terms of structure, main properties and biodegradability Determining the chemical structure of such materials is important to understand their behavior and properties. Performing an extraction of insoluble cross-linked polymer using different solvents allowed us to analyze how the polymer behaves when subjected to different chemical environments, and to obtain soluble samples suitable for more in-depth analysis. Chemical structure of poly (xylitol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) was determined by a 1H NMR and FTIR analysis of both prepolymer gel sample and samples obtained by extraction of cross-linked polymer using different solvents. Block structure of the copolymer was confirmed by both NMR and DSC. Gel fraction, swelling value, water contact angle, and mechanical properties were also analyzed. Biodegradability of this material was confirmed by performing enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation. Synthesizing sugar-alcohol based copolyester using three monomers leads to obtaining a material with interesting chemical structure and desirable mechanical properties comparable to conventional elastomers.
“…with high values of bio-based carbon content was obtained by using bio-based dicarboxylic acids (i.e., sebacic, succininc, tartaric, and maleic acid) for the synthesis of vegetable oil-based polyols. [80][81][82] Fully bio-based polyester polyols were also synthesized by Khanderay et al from isosorbide and dimer acid, and then reacted with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to obtain PU coatings. [83] The highest anticorrosion ability was found for the formulation at 80% of bio-based carbon content.…”
polyurethanes. Different approaches have been identified for the realization of green PUs, which include-but are not limited to-renewability of the starting materials, sustainability of the synthesis itself, isocyanate-free formulations, and reduction of VOC emissions by limiting the use of organic solvents. [4] In particular, the present review deals with recent researches on two classes of green PUs, namely waterborne and bio-based formulations, focusing on their application as coatings to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. As such, manuscripts specifically addressing the synthesis and/or standard chemicophysical characterization of newly proposed formulations were not considered here. Readers interested in the synthetic aspects of green PUs can refer to recent comprehensive reviews on the topic. [5][6][7][8][9] In the following the recent relevant literature published since 2015 is critically reviewed, highlighting the main strategies pursued to develop reliable and highly performing anticorrosion coatings based on waterborne and bio-based PUs. Then, the collected data on their protective performances are discussed.
Waterborne CoatingsWaterborne polyurethanes (WB-PUs) stepped out in the early 1990s driven by the increasingly strict environmental legislation in North America and Europe. [3] The use of sole water evidently solves the issue related to the huge VOC emission associated with traditional solvent-based coatings. In addition, the presence of water as one of the components removes the possibility of any toxic unreacted isocyanate in the system. [9] The introduction of hydrophilic groups in the formulation is essential to guarantee the stability of WB-PU dispersions. [10] On the other hand, it also detrimentally impacts the waterresistance of the resulting coating, hampering the full exploitation of this class of materials for anticorrosion purposes. Playing with the rich PU chemistry is clearly one possible way to tailor the coating properties, including water resistance and thus anticorrosion ability. [11][12][13] Both the polyol and the diisocyanate used for polyurethane synthesis can indeed be properly selected to maximize the coating protective efficacy. In this perspective, Li et al. found that a balanced polyether/polyester polyol ratio is optimal for anticorrosion applications. [12] Yu et al., instead, focused on the role of the diisocyanate structure, highlighting that the protective ability of WB-PU synthesized with 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate outperforms Polyurethanes (PUs) have been extensively exploited for the production of protective coatings thanks to the versatility of their chemistry, which allows to adjust the coating properties depending on the final application. In the last decade, the concerns on the negative impact on the environment and human health of traditional petroleum-based and solvent-borne PUs have fostered the research on more environmentally friendly alternatives. This review article provides an overview of the recent approaches that have been profitably pu...
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