Utilization of palm oil mill effluent for polyhydroxyalkanoate production and nutrient removal using statistical design

Abstract

The optimization for poly-b-hydroxyalkanoate production was carried out with nutrient removal efficiency for total organic carbon (TOC), phosphate, and nitrate from palm oil mill effluent waste. The experiment was conducted in a fabricated fed-batch reactor and the data obtained was analyzed using central composite rotatable design and factorial design for response surface methodology as a systematic approach for designing the experiment statistically to obtain valid results with minimum effort, time, and resources. The analysis of numerical optimization with propagation of error showed that 66 % of poly-b-hydroxyalkanoate production can be obtained with nutrient removal of TOC and nitrate by 19 and 3 %, respectively. However, phosphate removal efficiency was not found to be much effective. More over, the chemical oxygen demand: nitrogen phosphate (509 g/g N), chemical oxygen demand: phosphate (200 g/g P), air flow rate (0.59 L/min), substrate feeding rate (20 mL/min), and cycle length (20 h) were the optimized variables for maximum poly-b-hydroxyalkanoate production and nutrient removal.

Statistical physical and nutrient optimization of bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate production by Cupriavidus necator

“…There are some examples of successful optimization of medium for microbial production of PHB in various microorganisms. These studies take into account the effect of different media components on maximizing the productivity of PHB using various nitrogen sources (i.e., urea and NH 4 Cl) and carbon sources (i.e., sucrose, glucose, acetate, malt, soya, sesame, molasses, bagasse, and gluconic acid) (Md Din et al 2014;Arun et al 2006;Sandhya et al 2013;Wei et al 2011). KH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , and MgSO 4 Á7H 2 O and physical factors like temperature, pH, and agitation speed which playing significant role in PHB accumulation were also optimized in some microorganisms using RSM for enhanced PHB production (Khanna and Srivastava 2005;Cavalheiro, et al 2009;De Almeida et al 2010).…”

Production and applications of crude polyhydroxyalkanoate-containing bioplastic from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste

“…However, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria cannot utilize simultaneously with hydrogen the wide range of organic compounds for the accumulation of PHAs. So, hydrogen produced during acidogenic fermentation of organic wastes could be the useful source for PHA 123 production but has to be used altogether with VFA produced from organic wastes.Use of non-carbohydrates for PHA accumulation Agricultural, food-processing, or biofuel production wastes containing palm oil (Gumel et al 2012;Md Din et al 2013;Sudesh 2013), seeds (Preethi et al 2012), fats and waste cooking oil, as well as glycerol after fat hydrolysis (Du et al 2012) or biodiesel production (Palmeri et al 2012) can be used for the low-cost production of PHAs either from long-chain fatty acids and glycerol after chemical hydrolysis pretreatment or due to direct biotransformation of triacylglycerides (Du et al 2012). …”

Properties and Interfacial Bonding Enhancement of Oil Palm Bio-Ash Nanoparticles Biocomposites

“…At present, its estimated market value has risen to $10 billion globally, with an annual range between $4.5 billion to $6 billion [ 20 ]. The utilization of palm oil industry waste in a power plant such as oil palm kernel shell [ 21 ], empty fruit bunch [ 22 , 23 ], and palm oil mill effluent [ 24 ] has been reported as added values. Indonesia and Malaysia produce about 90% of the world’s OP waste.…”