Utilization of Insect-Plant Interactions in Pest Control

Pathak, M. D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-556550-9.50016-9

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Also, the possibility of the development of pest biotypes through mutation (Nielson and Don, 1974;Harris, 1975;Pathak, 1975) or their spread through migration should not be excluded. Also, the possibility of the development of pest biotypes through mutation (Nielson and Don, 1974;Harris, 1975;Pathak, 1975) or their spread through migration should not be excluded.…”

Section: Occurrence and Evolution Of Biotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotypes of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and strategies in deployment of host plant resistance

Saxena

Barrion

1985

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Resistant rice varieties have proved to be highly effective against the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), but their long-term stability is threatened because of the evolution of prolific biotypes. At present, identification of biotypes is based principally on the differential reactions of host rice varieties to pest in greenhouse screenings and in field plantings of test nurseries at many locations. So far, three N. lugens biotypes that attack different rice varieties have been identified in the Philippines. Biotype 1 can survive on and damage only those varieties that do not carry any genes for resistance. Biotype 2 can thrive on varieties carrying Bph 1 resistance gene and on those susceptible to biotype 1. Biotype 3 can infest and destroy varieties having bph 2 resistance gene and those susceptible to biotype 1. However, none of these biotypes is capable of damaging varieties with Bph 3 and bph 4 genes for resistance, and the variety Ptb 33 carrying two unidentified genes is resistant to almost all known biotypes. Recently, a population of N. lugens was found thriving on the common weed grass Leersia hexandra Swartz on the IRRI farm and in some locations in Luzon, Philippines, This biotype does not survive on rice.Several varieties which are resistant in the Philippines are susceptible in India and Sri Lanka because the South Asian biotypes of N. lugens are more virulent than the Southeast Asian biotypes. To monitor the pest biotypes in different geographical regions and to identify new sources of resistance, an International Rice Brown Planthopper Nursery (IRBPHN) has been established in many cooperating Asian countries.Biotypes can also be differentiated by studying their behavioural and physiological responses to plants of known genotypes. Distinctive differences can be observed in insect feeding, growth, longevity, fecundity, oviposition and population increase on differential varieties and relative susceptibility or tolerance for hosts' allelochemics. Recent investigations of the existence of subtle morphological, cytological, and electrophoretic differences among N. lugens biotypes and results of hybridization experiments strongly complement other methods of biotype identification.The evolution of biotypes is a complex process that is governed by the interactions of the genetic and other biological characteristics of the pest populations and the genetic makeup of cultivated varieties. While the strategy of sequential release of varieties with major resistance genes has been fairly successful, the monogenic nature of those varieties makes them vulnerable to the development of virulent pest biotypes. Therefore, present breeding endeavors envisage use of both major and minor resistance genes for effective pest suppression.

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Section: Occurrence and Evolution Of Biotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotypes of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and strategies in deployment of host plant resistance

Saxena

Barrion

1985

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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“…), Recilia coronifera (Marshall) and Zyginidia scutellaris (Herrich-Schaeffer) preferentially feed upon the developing flowers, seeds and flower stem. Reports of Kalode (1974), Pathak (1975) and Dyck et af. ( 1 979), researching increases in Nilaparvata fugens (Stal) reproductive output with addition of nitrogen fertilizers, reflect the fundamental problem with many of these results in that researchers have no reliable plant nutrient data. Metcalf (1 970) correlated increased fecundity of Saccharosydne saccharivova Westw.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Both Hinckly (1963) and Fennah (1969) found a positive correlation between leafhopper fecundity and host plant soluble nitrogen levels. Reports of Kalode (1974), Pathak (1975) and Dyck et af. ( 1 979), researching increases in Nilaparvata fugens (Stal) reproductive output with addition of nitrogen fertilizers, reflect the fundamental problem with many of these results in that researchers have no reliable plant nutrient data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Instar duration, adult consumption, oviposition and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of leafhoppers feeding on different quality food (Auchenorrhyncha: Homoptera)

Prestidge

1982

Ecological Entomology

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1. Plant material of Holcus lanafus L. removed from an artificially fertilized trial was used to rear leafhoppers of three feeding types: Dicranotropis hamata Boheman and Ebmana sulphurella Zetterstedt, (phloem feeders), Eucelis incisus Kirschbaum (xylem feeder) and Zyginidia scutelZaris Herrich-Schaeffer (mesophyll feeder).2. In the laboratory, leafhopper instar durations, adult consumption rate, oviposition rate, and nitrogen utilization efficiency were influenced by the quality of the food consumed. Adult longevity was unaffected by the level of food quality normally found in plants.3 . Z.scutellank consumed mesophyll contents equivalent to 72% of its body weight each day but only digested about 30% of its intake. Eincicus had a low dry weight consumption rate (12% body weight/day) but digested its food more efficiently (60%) than the other feeding types. The two phloem feeders consumed m o u n t s equivalent to 25% of their body weight each day and digested 40-50% of their intake.4. Each species reached maximum nitrogen utilization efficiencies at different plant nitrogen levels. This suggests that leafhopper species may be associated with a particular nitrogen concentration in the grasses.

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“…In recent decades, brown planthopper has become notorious due to the emergence of new, virulent populations that can overcome host resistance. These forms of N. lugens that can damage rice varieties bearing certain genes conferring resistance have been called 'biotypes' (Pathak, 1975). There are only minor morphological and chemical differences between biotypes, and they lack significant breeding barriers (Claridge & Den Hollander, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and use of EST-SSR markers for assessing genetic diversity in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensStål)

Jing

Liu

Peng

et al. 2011

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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To assess genetic diversity in populations of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), we have developed and applied microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers from expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We found that the brown planthopper clusters of ESTs were rich in SSRs with unique frequencies and distributions of SSR motifs. Three hundred and fifty-one EST-SSR markers were developed and yielded clear bands from samples of four brown planthopper populations. High cross-species transferability of these markers was detected in the closely related planthopper N. muiri. The newly developed EST-SSR markers provided sufficient resolution to distinguish within and among biotypes. Analyses based on SSR data revealed host resistance-based genetic differentiation among different brown planthopper populations; the genetic diversity of populations feeding on susceptible rice varieties was lower than that of populations feeding on resistant rice varieties. This is the first large-scale development of brown planthopper SSR markers, which will be useful for future molecular genetics and genomics studies of this serious agricultural pest.

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Utilization of Insect-Plant Interactions in Pest Control

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Biotypes of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and strategies in deployment of host plant resistance

Biotypes of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and strategies in deployment of host plant resistance

Instar duration, adult consumption, oviposition and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of leafhoppers feeding on different quality food (Auchenorrhyncha: Homoptera)

Development and use of EST-SSR markers for assessing genetic diversity in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugensStål)

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