Utilization of Geodetic Methods Results in Small Open-Pit Mine Conditions: A Case Study from Slovakia

Abstract

Mining, especially surface mining, has a significant impact on the upper part of the soil cover, including fauna and flora. The article deals with the use of geodetic methods to observe the mining process and its possible impact on the environment. The created model can be used to design the recovery and reclamation of open-pit mines after their closure and mining termination. For the modeling of an open-pit mine, 2151 points from two stages of geodetic measurements were used. Graphical presentations of the geodetic measurements were compared with data from aerial photogrammetry. The measurement and processing results were used to visualize the spatial changes in the open-pit mine, which are necessary to take measures related to the recovery of the landscape affected by mining. Based on the calculation, 145.266 m3 were extracted during the period under exploration. When calculating the average excavated volume per working day, it was found that 188 m3 = 500 tons = 0.5 kilotons per day were extracted between the monitored periods. When comparing the original surface and the generated model of the open-pit mine, it was found that the entire top of the rock massif was permanently removed in the total volume of 3,421,000 m3. To capture the impact of mining on the surrounding environment, multispectral images of Landsat 7 and 8 during the observed period. Focused attention was divided into two factors, land surface temperature, and vegetation condition. The results from the temperature maps show that the open-pit mine is becoming a heat island. Analysis of the vegetative state confirms the rapid change in the health of vegetation, resp. reduction of its condition in the area around the open-pit mine. The presented results show that the selected methods and procedures are applicable in the conditions of the small mining company in Slovakia.

An Optimum Deployment Algorithm of Camera Networks for Open-Pit Mine Slope Monitoring

“…Due to topographical and other shading issues at the mine site, the use of front-to-surface photography may result in missing images in some areas that cannot be reconstructed in 3D, so the observation platform should be selected with due consideration of whether the area to be observed can be captured by all of the corresponding cameras. Considering the actual cost of the project, the low-cost solution of camera photogrammetry is easy to accept for small and medium-sized mines [ 7 , 21 ]. Additionally, our solution allows for automated monitoring after deployment, which also reduces the investment in manpower costs for the mine.…”

“…For mine slope safety monitoring, scholars have used geodetic methods, 3S technology, photogrammetry, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), 3D laser scanning, and other methods in associated research. The geodesic survey methods [ 7 ], such as leveling instrument, theodolite, rangefinder, and distance measurement equipment, represent technology which is widely used in the establishment of high-precision control networks of mines [ 8 ]. In addition, the high-precision deformation monitor is mature, displays data reliability, and has a high accuracy; however, for open-pit mine slope monitoring, it has the disadvantages of requiring a large degree of manual involvement, being influenced by terrain access and climate, and is not able to automate monitoring, and those disadvantages result in low detection efficiency.…”

Rapid Extraction of Regional-scale Agricultural Disasters by the Standardized Monitoring Model Based on Google Earth Engine

“…It is also very important to use NDVI data based on geographic information system (GIS) environment tools to monitor agricultural disasters. Remote sensing (RS) and GIS have been integrated to monitor and forecast rice production in Bangladesh [40], and have also been utilized to study the influence of mining on the surface temperature and vegetation conditions [41].…”

Forest Loss and Susceptible Area Prediction at Sefwi Wiawso District (SWD), Ghana

“…e development of the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques has proved to be important in addressing challenges encountered when quantifying and identifying forest loss instigators [14][15][16][17][18]. Sustainable conservation methods use GIS/RS techniques to try and remain ahead of the issue [14,15,19].…”

“…e development of the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques has proved to be important in addressing challenges encountered when quantifying and identifying forest loss instigators [14][15][16][17][18]. Sustainable conservation methods use GIS/RS techniques to try and remain ahead of the issue [14,15,19]. Remote sensing analysis of time-series satellite imagery has helped to classify current and past forest cover patterns and further identified trends of forest conversion from which future forecasts can be made [20][21][22].…”