Utilization of Dry Beans and Pulses in Africa

Jackson, José; Kinabo, Joyce; Mamiro, Peter; Mamiro, D. P.; Jideani, Victoria A.

doi:10.1002/9781118448298.ch11

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…They might thus serve as major sources of protein in southeast Africa if proven to be of benefit in these young children. Indeed, the Great Lakes region of Africa has the highest per capita bean consumption in the world, demonstrating the cultural acceptability of such legumes in our target population [ 77 ]. However, the consumption of legumes among young children in rural Malawi remains extremely low due to the preference for maize and other carbohydrate-rich staples [ 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common beans and cowpeas as complementary foods to reduce environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting in Malawian children: study protocol for two randomized controlled trials

Trehan

Benzoni

Wang

et al. 2015

Trials

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BackgroundInterventions to decrease the burden of childhood malnutrition are urgently needed, as millions of children die annually owing to undernutrition and hundreds of millions more are left cognitively and physically stunted. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a pervasive chronic subclinical inflammatory condition among children that develops when complementary foods are introduced, places them at high risk of stunting, malabsorption, and poor oral vaccine efficacy. Improved interventions to reduce the burden of EED and stunting are expected to markedly improve the nutritional status and survival of children throughout resource-limited settings.Methods/DesignWe will conduct, in parallel, two prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to determine whether common beans or cowpeas improve growth, ameliorate EED, and alter the intestinal microbiome during a high-risk period in the lives of rural Malawian children. Study 1 will enroll children at 6 months of age and randomize them to receive common beans, cowpeas, or a standard complementary food for 6 months. Anthropometry will be compared among the three groups; EED will be assessed using a dual-sugar absorption test and by quantifying human intestinal mRNA for inflammatory messages; and the intestinal microbiota will be characterized by deep sequencing of fecal DNA, to enumerate host microbial populations and their metabolic capacity. Study 2 will enroll children 12–23 months old and follow them for 12 months, with similar interventions and assessments as Study 1.DiscussionBy amalgamating the power of rigorous clinical trials and advanced biological analysis, we aim to elucidate the potential of two grain legumes to reduce stunting and EED in a high-risk population. Legumes have potential as an affordable and effective complementary food intervention, given their cultural acceptability, nutritional content, and agricultural feasibility in sub-Saharan Africa.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02472262 and NCT02472301.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common beans and cowpeas as complementary foods to reduce environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting in Malawian children: study protocol for two randomized controlled trials

Trehan

Benzoni

Wang

et al. 2015

Trials

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“…Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a worldwide important legume for human as a source for dietary protein especially for poor people [1]. It contains high percent of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activities of Trichoderma atroviride against common bean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani

El-Benawy

Abdel-Fattah

Ghoneem

et al. 2020

Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed legume worldwide, with a commercial value surpassing that of all other legume crops combined. Seed-borne fungi cause at least 10% loss in common bean. Standard blotter (SB) and agar plate (AP) techniques were used to identify seed-borne fungi associated with common bean seeds. Thirty-two fungal species comprising 23 genera were detected. Among the fungal pathogens recovered, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani were predominant with a higher recovery using the AP technique than SB technique. Antagonistic activities of six Trichoderma isolates associated with healthy common bean seeds were evaluated against both pathogens, M. phaseolina and R. solani through a dual culture assay. Of them, Trichoderma isolate T22 remarkably suppressed the growth of both pathogens (72.42% and 68%, respectively), 5 days after inoculation. Both pathogens were completely overgrown by T22 mycelia, and sclerotia formation by the two pathogens was lacking compared to the control plates, after 8 days. The T22 isolate was morphologically identified as T. atroviride. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the mycoparasitism of T. atroviride T22 against M. phaseolina and R. solani, resulting in mycelium collapse of both pathogens. A total of nine unique volatile compounds of T. atroviride T22 filtrate were identified by GC-MS technique, representing 75.03% of the total components. Among them, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (46.11%), and 4 H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-(15.66%) were detected as major components, while furfural (3.14%), hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (2.81%), 1,2-cyclopentanedione (2.79%), and 2-furanmethanol (2.09%) were found to be minor compounds. Our results confirmed that T. atroviride T22 can be used as an effective biocontrol agent against M. phaseolina and R. solani, which are pathogens on common beans and many other crops.

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“…The common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a universal legume that is an essential source of protein for humans, particularly for the poor [ 1 ]. Vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients are abundant in this food [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Induction and Direct Antifungal Activity of Some Monoterpenes against Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal of Root Rot in Common Bean

Derbalah

Shebl

El-Gobashy

et al. 2022

Life

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This study was conducted to evaluate eco-friendly control agents (carvone, cuminaldehyde, and linalool) against Rhizoctonia solani, which causes root rot disease either by induction of defense response or direct antifungal activity. The induction of resistance was examined by detecting the transcription of defense genes and the effect of the tested control agents on the growth and the yield of common bean plants. The growth of R. solani was significantly inhibited after treatment with the tested compounds compared to the untreated control under laboratory conditions. The disease severity of root rot was decreased in common bean plants treated with the tested compounds compared to untreated control plants under greenhouse conditions. Common bean plants treated with the tested control agents expressed defense genes (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and β-1,3-Glucanase) involved in jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways with 2–5 fold higher than the control. Treatment of common beans with the tested control agents and fungicide significantly improved the growth and yield characteristics of common bean. Therefore, the use of monoterpenes could be a novel strategy to control this pathogen and consider the first report.

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Utilization of Dry Beans and Pulses in Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Common beans and cowpeas as complementary foods to reduce environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting in Malawian children: study protocol for two randomized controlled trials

Common beans and cowpeas as complementary foods to reduce environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting in Malawian children: study protocol for two randomized controlled trials

Antimicrobial activities of Trichoderma atroviride against common bean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani

Resistance Induction and Direct Antifungal Activity of Some Monoterpenes against Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal of Root Rot in Common Bean

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