Utilization of different carrier agents for chlorophyll encapsulation: Characterization and kinetic stability study

Agarry, Israel Emiezi; Wang, Zhirong; Cai, Tian; Wu, Zhu-Lian; Kan, Jianquan; Chen, Kewei

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111650

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the Chl sample, an endothermic peak was observed at 115.66 °C. According to several studies ( Agarry et al, 2022 , Guad et al, 2006 , Kang et al, 2019 ), this peak could be related to the melting of Chl (The melting point range of Chl was reported to be 117–133 °C). FDM and SDM showed endothermic peaks at 150.12 °C and 125.03 °C, respectively, probably related to the melting point of Chl-M.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…First, after dispersing 50 mg of Chl-M and unencapsulated Chl (control) in 10 mL of 5 % ethanol, the samples were maintained at room temperature with bright sunshine for 21 days. Finally, Eq (3) was used to measure the percentage of Chl retained:

The method developed by ( Agarry, Wang, Cai, Wu, et al, 2022 ) with modification was hired to investigate the effect of pH on unencapsulated Chl and Chl-M. The studied pH levels were 2, 4, and 6, all examined in triplicate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have endeavoured to synthesize microcapsules for Chl ( Agarry et al, 2023 , Agarry et al, 2022 , Hsiao et al, 2020 , Kang et al, 2019 , Kang et al, 2018 , Kurniasih et al, 2018 , Raei et al, 2017 , Zhang et al, 2019 , Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of freeze drying and spray drying methods for encapsulation of chlorophyll with maltodextrin and whey protein isolate

Ledari,

Milani,

Shahidi

et al. 2024

Food Chemistry: X

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of freeze drying and spray drying methods for encapsulation of chlorophyll with maltodextrin and whey protein isolate

Ledari,

Milani,

Shahidi

et al. 2024

Food Chemistry: X

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“…Encapsulation efficiency is presented as a percentage of the amount of core material in the carrier material. The following equation was employed to determine encapsulation efficiency (Agarry, Wang, Cai, Wu, et al, 2022):…”

Section: Encapsulation Efficiency and Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inulin–whey protein as efficient vehicle carrier system for chlorophyll: Optimization, characterization, and functional food application

Agarry

Ding

Cai

et al. 2023

Journal of Food Science

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Natural chlorophylls mostly found in vegetables such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea) could be employed as a possible substitute for synthetic colorants because of their intense green properties. However, the stability of natural chlorophyll is a major challenge to its utilization in the food industry. In this study, spray drying as an encapsulation technique was used to improve the stability of natural chlorophyll. Box–Behnken design was utilized to optimize the spray drying conditions for chlorophyll. Optimum conditions were given as inlet temperature, 132°C; inulin‐to‐whey protein isolate ratio, 61%:39%; pump rate, 25%, resulting in 92.3% encapsulation efficiency, 69.4% solubility, and −13.5 mV zeta potential at a desirability level of 0.901. The particle size, Carr index, bulk and tapped density, polydispersity index, and color showed satisfactory results. Crystallinity, endothermic peak melting temperature, and the enthalpy of chlorophyll‐loaded microcapsules increased when compared to the blank microcapsules suggesting decreased hygroscopicity and enhanced thermal stability. In addition, the suitability of fabricated microcapsules using yogurt as a food model was assessed. Yogurt incorporated with chlorophyll‐loaded microcapsules showed no significant pH modification with better apparent viscosity than control and sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) yogurt after 9 days of refrigerated storage. Based on the studied responses, the spray drying process could be optimized to achieve optimal output and product quality. Practical Application Spray drying is a cheap and convenient approach for microencapsulating bioactive compounds such as chlorophyll. However, the physico‐chemical and functional properties of the spray‐dried microcapsules are influenced by operating conditions, such as inlet temperature, type and concentration of wall materials, and feed flow rate. Therefore, to maximize and obtain a superior quality of the final product, there is a need to optimize the spray drying process. The Box–Behnken design employed in this study could be utilized as an appropriate technique to design, enhance, and develop process parameters for the fabrication and better retention of the physico‐chemical properties of spray‐dried chlorophyll microcapsules.

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“…Due to the unique properties of spinach extract and the factors that limit its application, several studies have investigated its encapsulation using various methods such as spray drying (SDM) (Agarry et (Agarry et al, 2022), and micro uids (Agarry et al, 2022;Hsiao et al, 2020). To our knowledge, no research has compared the e ciency of SDM and freeze drying (FDM) in improving the stability of CHL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation of spinach extract using binary blends of biopolymers: A comparison between freeze drying and spray drying approaches

Rajabi

Sedaghati

Rajabzadeh

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This investigation sought to evaluate the relative efficacies of freeze drying (FDM) and spray drying (SDM) methodologies in the microencapsulation of spinach extract, as a source of chlorophylls (CHL), utilizing varying concentrations and ratios of Arabic gum and maltodextrin. Alterations observed in the FTIR spectra substantiated the successful incorporation of CHL within the carriers’ matrix, with the drying method exerting no discernible influence. The mean values for powder yield and encapsulation efficiency in FDM samples at 25% total solid content (TS) were 19.24% and 5.28% greater, respectively, than those of spray-dried samples, while SDM microcapsules exhibited significantly enhanced storage stability. FESEM analysis revealed the considerable impact of drying method, carrier type, concentration, and ratio on both the size and surface properties of samples. An increase in TS from 25–35% resulted in a significant increase in mean particle size for SDM powders from 7.19 µm to 10.96 µm, while FDM samples exhibited an increase in surface roughness. In conclusion, both methodologies demonstrated the capacity to preserve CHL; however, given the significance of energy consumption and process duration at an industrial scale, we propose that SDM represents a suitable approach by producing CHL microparticles with extended shelf-life and favorable processibility.

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Utilization of different carrier agents for chlorophyll encapsulation: Characterization and kinetic stability study

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Comparative analysis of freeze drying and spray drying methods for encapsulation of chlorophyll with maltodextrin and whey protein isolate

Comparative analysis of freeze drying and spray drying methods for encapsulation of chlorophyll with maltodextrin and whey protein isolate

Inulin–whey protein as efficient vehicle carrier system for chlorophyll: Optimization, characterization, and functional food application

Microencapsulation of spinach extract using binary blends of biopolymers: A comparison between freeze drying and spray drying approaches

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