Utilization of constructional lime as heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from waste frying oil

Abstract

Waste frying oil as valueless material which is disposed to environment can be used as a promising feedstock to produce biodiesel. In this study, constructional lime was used as alkaline heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from virgin and waste frying oil. After determining the best activation temperature for the catalyst (600°C), transesterification reactions were carried out at 65°C, MeOH to oil molar ratio of 12:1, and 1 wt% of activated constructional lime under vigorous mixing for 5 h. Yield of reactions for virgin and waste frying oil (2.17 % free fatty acid) and pretreated waste frying oil (0.918 % free fatty acid) were 87, 93.9, and 94 %, respectively. Transesterification of virgin frying oil and pretreated waste frying oil were done at 65°C, MeOH to oil molar ratio of 6:1, and 1 wt% of KOH as catalyst under vigorous mixing for 2 h, for comparison. Yield of the reaction was 98.6 and 95.1 %, respectively. Therefore, when constructional lime is used as catalyst pretreatment of waste oil is not necessary.

Environmental impact studies of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas in india by life cycle assessment

“…Edible oil such as soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, and mustard are various feedstocks available for biodiesel production worldwide. Recently, waste frying oil was also attempted in biodiesel production by utilizing constructional lime . Even though the oilseed‐bearing trees can be grown in substantial area of wasteland, there is also a shortage of edible oil in India .…”

Process optimization for biodiesel production from waste frying oil with constructional lime

“…Different types of edible and non-edible vegetable oils have been exploited in the past and present to produce biodiesel with promising results. The used oils include cotton seed, soybean, peanut, palm, waste cooking, rapeseed, sunflower seed, canola seed, winter rape, frying, jojoba, karanja, tobacco seed and jatropha curcas (Balat and Balat, 2010;Boey et al, 2011;Demirbas, 2009;Ghanei et al, 2011;Ghanei et al, 2013;Helwani et al, 2009;Leung et al, 2010;Moradi et al,2012;Wang et al 2012). The cost of raw materials has a major effect on the total cost of biodiesel production and thus choosing waste oils can be a promising alternative to the other expensive oils (Balat and Balat, 2010;Boey et al, 2011;Ghanei et al, 2013;Leung et al, 2010;Wang et al 2012).…”

“…Generally, enzymes, strong acids and bases are used as a catalyst in two forms; homogeneous and heterogeneous (Boey et al, 2011;Demirbas, 2009;Ghanei et al, 2011;Ghanei et al, 2013). Homogenous bases are able to complete a reaction successfully, however the catalyst recovery is rather difficult and large amounts of hazardous waste water can be formed during these reactions.…”

“…Homogenous bases are able to complete a reaction successfully, however the catalyst recovery is rather difficult and large amounts of hazardous waste water can be formed during these reactions. On the other hand, heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from products and also can be used several time without any waste water formation (Boey et al, 2011;Ghanei et al, 2013;Helwani et al, 2009;Leung et al, 2010). This type of catalysts allows researchers to design continuous process namely fixed bed reactors (Boro et al,2012 (Boro et al, 2012;Helwani et al, 2009;Leung et al, 2010;Refaat, 2011).…”

“…This type of catalysts allows researchers to design continuous process namely fixed bed reactors (Boro et al,2012 (Boro et al, 2012;Helwani et al, 2009;Leung et al, 2010;Refaat, 2011). Among the mentioned catalysts, calcium oxide is the most wellaccepted and excellent heterogeneous catalyst (Albuquerque et al, 2008;Boey et al, 2009;Boey et al, 2011a;Boey et al, 2011b;Boro et al, 2012;Demirbas, 2009;Ghanei et al, 2013;Kouzu et al 2008;Liu et al, 2008;Nakatani et al, 2009;Refaat, 2011;Viriya-empikul et al, 2010;Viriya-empikul et al, 2012). The main influential parameters of transesterification are as follows: molar ratio of alcohol to oil, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and pressure, catalyst calcinations temperature, mixing intensity, reaction time and the contents of FFAs and water in oil (Balat and Balat, 2010;Boey et al, 2009;Boey et al, 2011a;Boey et al, 2011b;Demirbas, 2009;Hameed et al, 2009;Jeong et al, 2009;Kansedo et al, 2009;Sahoo and Das, 2009;Vicente et al, 2007a;Vicente et al, 2007b;Zabeti et al, 2009).…”