Utilization of coal fly ash in China: a mini-review on challenges and future directions

Luo, Yanhong; Wu, Yinghong; Ma, Shuhua; Zheng, Shili; Zhang, Yi; Chu, Paul K.

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08864-4

Cited by 104 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Dikarenakan fly ash tidak dimasukkan ke dalam kategori berbahaya, maka pemanfaatan fly ash di Cina lebih leluasa. Pada tahun 2018 pemanfaatan fly ash di Cina bertahan di angka 70% (Luo et al, 2020). Laju pemanfaatan fly ash di Cina dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3.…”

Section: Cinaunclassified

“…Cina bagian timur lebih padat sehingga permintaan fly ash cukup tinggi. Sedangkan Cina bagian barat, permintaan sangat sedikit yang berakibat fly ash harus didistribusikan ke timur untuk dimanfaatkan (Luo et al, 2020;Moon, 2013).…”

Section: Cinaunclassified

“…Meskipun grafik pada Gambar 3 menunjukkan Cina memanfaatkan fly ash sejak tahun 2002, kenyataannya fly ash sudah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tambahan semen dan beton sejak tahun 1950 (Luo et al, 2020) Namun belum ditemukan regulasi pemanfaatan fly ash dari Cina hingga tahun tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan oleh Cina tidak mengeluarkan regulasinya ke publik.…”

Section: Cinaunclassified

“…Di Cina, fly ash lebih dominan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tambahan semen dan beton seperti yang tertera pada Tabel 2 (Luo et al, 2020;Tang et al, 2013). 25% digunakan pada sektor material semen dan 10% pada beton.…”

Section: Cinaunclassified

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The comparison of regulations on fly ash as a hazardous waste in Indonesia and several countries

Ekaputri

Bari

2021

MKTS

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This paper aims to encourage the Indonesian government to review the 2014 Government Regulation (PP) number 101 related to coal-ash. Fly ashes at power plants overload the landfills and requires complete handling solution. The utilization of fly ash in Indonesia are facing the issues, one of these is the categorization of fly ash as a hazardous waste. As a result, its utilization requires permissions from the ministry of environment and forestry. In this paper, a comparative study of fly ash classification as hazardous waste in India, United States of America, China and Vietnam was conducted. India and China are the coal importer from Indonesia. US regulation was once referred when drafting PP number 101. Vietnam is chosen as comparison in Southeast Asia. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results of fly ashes from 16 Indonesian power plants proved that their toxic content was lower than the TCLP parameters in the regulation. Acute Oral Toxicity Test (LD50) results showed that fly ash and bottom ash with dosage up to 7000 mg/kg did not cause fatalities. This study is a reference for the Indonesian government to verify the status of fly ash to be utilized as much as possible in various fields.

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Section: Cinaunclassified

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The comparison of regulations on fly ash as a hazardous waste in Indonesia and several countries

Ekaputri

Bari

2021

MKTS

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“…Coal fly ash (CFA) is currently one of the most represented solid waste materials in China. In 2018, the annual output of CFA in China exceeded 550 million tons and, owing to insufficient utilization, the total accumulated quantity of CFA has exceeded 3 billion tons [6]. India produced approximately 180 million tons of fly-ash in 2017 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive strength of cement stabilizations containing recycled and waste materials

2021

JCE

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This study analyses the possibilities of using up to 30% of reclaimed asphalt pavement as a substitute material for natural aggregate, along with fly ash replacing 20% or 40% of Portland cement in cement stabilizations with 4% and 6% of binder. The Proctor test was used to determine maximum dry density and optimal moisture content of cement-based stabilizations. The compressive strength was tested after 7, 28, and 90 days. Parameters influencing 28-day compressive strength were evaluated by full factorial design and by classification in strength classes. The results obtained justify the utilisation of waste and recycled materials in pavement structures.

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Sustainable Utilization of Solid Waste Fly Ash for Fabrication of CoNi@FA as Microwave Absorbent

Xue

et al. 2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Utilization of coal fly ash in China: a mini-review on challenges and future directions

Cited by 104 publications

References 158 publications

The comparison of regulations on fly ash as a hazardous waste in Indonesia and several countries

The comparison of regulations on fly ash as a hazardous waste in Indonesia and several countries

Compressive strength of cement stabilizations containing recycled and waste materials

Sustainable Utilization of Solid Waste Fly Ash for Fabrication of CoNi@FA as Microwave Absorbent

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