Utilization of Citrus aurantium peels for sustainable production of high surface area type I microporous nano activated carbons

Nemr, Ahmed El; Aboughaly, Rawan M.; El-Sikaily, Amany; Ragab, Safaa; Masoud, Mamdouh S.; Ramadan, Mohamed

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01457-2

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…There are some notable advantages of activated carbon (AC), such as low production cost, high surface reactivity, significant thermal stability, active free valances, and the applicability of its high capacity and high rate of adsorption [ 19 ]. Both powdered (approximately 44 µm) and granulated (particle size 0.6–4.0 mm) forms of activated carbon can be obtained [ 20 , 21 ]. Activated carbon can be divided depending on its pore size into microporous (<2 nm), mesoporous (2–50 nm), and macroporous (>50 nm) groups, which can be controlled during the preparation process of activated carbon for specific applications [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microporous Activated Carbon from Pisum sativum Pods Using Various Activation Methods and Tested for Adsorption of Acid Orange 7 Dye from Water

El‐Nemr

Nemr²,

Hassaan³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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This work demonstrates the preparation of high-surface-area activated carbon (AC) from Pisum sativum pods using ZnCl2 and KOH as activating agents. The influence of CO2 and N2 gases during the carbonization process on the porosity of AC were studied. The highest specific surface area of AC was estimated at 1300 to 1500 m2/g, which presented characteristics of microporous materials. SEM micrographs revealed that chemical activation using an impregnation reagent ZnCl2 increases the porosity of the AC, which in turn leads to an increase in the surface area, and the SEM image showed that particle size diameter ranged between 48.88 and 69.95 nm. The performance of prepared AC for adsorption of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye was tested. The results showed that the adsorption percentage by AC (2.5 g/L) was equal to 94.76% after just 15 min, and the percentage of removal increased to be ~100% after 60 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was 473.93 mg g−1. A Langmuir model (LM) shows the best-fitted equilibrium isotherm, and the kinetic data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order and Film diffusion models. The removal of AO7 dye using AC from Pisum sativum pods was optimized using a response factor model (RSM), and the results were reported.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical activation uses higher temperatures, which make physical activation more efficient. As a result, improvements in activated carbon’s porous structure have been made when using a chemical activation approach [ 20 , 24 ]. The physical activation process is performed in two steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporous Activated Carbon from Pisum sativum Pods Using Various Activation Methods and Tested for Adsorption of Acid Orange 7 Dye from Water

El‐Nemr

Nemr²,

Hassaan³

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…The removal of different contaminants by these adsorbents, which are generated by extracting AC from biomass waste materials, has been the subject of numerous research in the literature. Coconut husk 59 , gulmohar 60 , mandarin peels 61 , sesame hull 62 , rice straw 63 , sugarcane bagasse 64 , olive stone 65 , potato 66 , coffee bean husks 67 , green algae Ulva lactuca 68 , Macore fruit 69 , watermelon peels 70 , orange peels 71 , wheat straw 72 , peanut husk 73 , tea waste 74 , red algae Pterocladia capillacea 75 , and are some of this biomass.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isotherm and kinetic studies of acid yellow 11 dye adsorption from wastewater using Pisum Sativum peels microporous activated carbon

El‐Nemr

Yılmaz

Ragab

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, Pea Peels-Activated Carbon (PPAC), a novel biochar, was created from leftover pea peels (Pisum sativum) by wet impregnation with ZnCl2 and subsequent heating to 600, 700, and 800 °C in a CO2 atmosphere. Investigated how the newly acquired biochar affected the capacity to extract the AY11 dye from the aqueous solution. Through the use of FTIR, XRD, SEM, BJH, BET, DSC, EDX, and TGA studies, the prepared PPAC was identified. It was found that a pH of 2 is optimum for the AY11 dye elimination. The highest removal percentage of AY11 dye was 99.10% using a beginning AY11 dye concentration of 100 mg/L and a 1.0 g/L dose of PPAC. The highest adsorption capacity (Qm) of the PPAC was 515.46 mg/g. Freundlich (FIM), Halsey (HIM), Langmuir (LIM), Tempkin (TIM), and Gineralize (GIM) isotherm models were useful in examining the adsorption results. A variety of error functions, including the average percent errors (APE), root mean square errors (RMS), Marquardt's percent standard deviation (MPSD), hybrid error function (HYBRID), Chi-square error (X2) and a sum of absolute errors (EABS) equations, were also applied to test the isotherm models data. The PPAC experimental data were best suited by the HIM and FIM isotherm models. Elovich (EM), Pseudo-first-order (PFOM), Intraparticle diffusion (IPDM), Pseudo-second-order (PSOM), and Film diffusion (FDM) models were applied to study the kinetic adsorption results. The PSOM had a strong correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99), and it was principally responsible for controlling the adsorption rate. Anions are typically absorbed during the adsorption mechanism of AY11 dye by PPAC owing to attractive electrostatic forces created with an increase in positively charged areas at acidic pH levels. The regenerated PPAC was used in six successive adsorption/desorption cycles. This study's outcomes show that PPAC successfully removes the AY11 dye from the aqueous solution; as a result, PPAC can be used repeatedly without experiencing considerable loss in effectiveness.

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“…The average mass of orange peel carbon at 600℃ was only 23.43%, as the weight loss process occurs below 600℃ due to the dehydration process and the release of volatiles from the cellulose structure in the orange peel (El Nemr et al, 2020). Higher carbonization temperatures and longer holding times can decrease the yield of carbonization due to the release of volatile matter in the orange peel (El Nemr et al, 2021). The amount of volatile matter released on the orange peel through high temperatures is the cause of the decrease in the yield of carbonization.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Orange Peel Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dehydration reaction and decomposition of lignocellulosic materials determine the carbonization process. The conversion of these materials into carbon at high temperatures involves the release of H 2 O, CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , and tar, which become impurities in the carbonization product (El Nemr et al, 2021). Cleaning the surface area requires chemical activation to remove the impurities trapped in the carbon pores and increase the adsorption capacity (Erprihana & Hartanto, 2014).…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Orange Peel Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of TiO2 on Orange Peel Activated Carbon Composite in Reducing Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Gas Emissions

et al. 2023

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study aims to see the effect of adding TiO2 on activated carbon as a material for reducing CO and HC gas emissions. Activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from orange peel waste at a carbonization temperature of 600 with a 10% (w/v) ZnCl2 activator. Composite AC/TiO2 was prepared by a simple mixing method. This process obtained TiO2-modified activated carbon material with variations in TiO2 concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed to obtain information on the AC/TiO2 surface morphology. In the application as a CO and HC gas emission reduction material, the results of mixing AC/TiO2 are mixed with a 10% (w/v) solution of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) as an adhesive and molded in the shape of a filter with two variations hole sizes with a diameter of 1 cm and 0.3 cm. Composite filter performance tests were carried out using a gas analyzer. The best result for reducing gas emissions occurred at a concentration of TiO2 15% with reduction power to reduce CO gas emission up to 53.79% and HC gas emission up to 55.57%.

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Utilization of Citrus aurantium peels for sustainable production of high surface area type I microporous nano activated carbons

Cited by 9 publications

References 90 publications

Microporous Activated Carbon from Pisum sativum Pods Using Various Activation Methods and Tested for Adsorption of Acid Orange 7 Dye from Water

Microporous Activated Carbon from Pisum sativum Pods Using Various Activation Methods and Tested for Adsorption of Acid Orange 7 Dye from Water

Isotherm and kinetic studies of acid yellow 11 dye adsorption from wastewater using Pisum Sativum peels microporous activated carbon

Effect of TiO2 on Orange Peel Activated Carbon Composite in Reducing Carbon Monoxide and Hydrocarbon Gas Emissions

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