“…In the dissolution step, various additives including strong acids (i.e., HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4) Lin et al, 2008;Bobicki et al, 2012), organic acids (i.e., acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, etc.) (Park et al, 2003;Park and Fan, 2004;Bałdyga et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2013), salts, and alkali solution and ligands (Maroto-Valer et al, 2005;Jarvis et al, 2009;Lackner, 2009, 2011) have been investigated to date. Although the extraction efficiencies are promising, the use of such strong acids may provoke significant energy penalties associated with their recovery Olajire, 2013;Sanna et al, 2014).…”