Utilization of biowaste eggshells to synthesize nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powders

Nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering

“…Hence, converting these powders into HAp prior to implantation is advantageous. Sanosh et al [73] reported a simple sol-gel precipitation technique to synthesize nano-HAp powders using CaO derived from chicken eggshells. Their study shows that biowaste egg shells can effectively be utilized for synthesizing pure nano-HAp powders.…”

Hydroxyapatite extracted from fish scale: Effects on MG63 osteoblast-like cells

“…In recent years, hydroxyapatite has attracted interest for use in bone grafting because of their osteoconductive and bioactive properties [10,11]. Other medical applications of hydroxyapatite have also been studied because hydroxyapatite is biocompatible, bioactive, non-toxic, non-inflammatory and non-immunogenic [12,13]. Natural hydroxyapatite bioceramics have recently been extracted from various bio-waste, including corals [14,15], cuttlefish shells [16], porcine teeth and bones, and bovine bones [12,13].…”

Biodegradation and cytotoxicity of ciprofloxacin-loaded hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone nanocomposite film for sustainable bone implants

“…By utilizing this organic waste, the cost of a high-quality calcium source for preparation of HAp is reduced, and, at the same time, the recycling of a waste product of human daily activity can also be taken care of, underscoring the importance of using eggshell as a calcium source. 13,14 Eggshell is composed of calcium carbonate, which accounts for around 94% of the total weight; calcium phosphate (1%); organic matter (4%); and magnesium carbonate (1%). 15 HAp from eggshell was synthesized via a precipitation and low-combustion method that was lengthy, complicated, and required pH control and adjustment.…”