Utilización de medicamentos en España y en Europa

Miñana, Juan Simó

doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2011.06.009

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, two anti-inflammatory drugs, naproxen and ibuprofen, also presented median concentrations in the range of µg•L −1 (between 19.9 and 27.3 µg•L −1 ) in influent samples and naproxen showed the highest concentration of all the monitored compounds (521.7 µg•L −1 in an influent sample). Anti-inflammatory compounds show a high rate of consumption in Spain [28] and the high concentrations of ibuprofen can be explained because this compound does not require a medical prescription as some authors have stated [29]. In addition, two pharmaceuticals related to cardiovascular problems and diseases namely, atenolol and gemfibrozil, presented low influent median concentrations of µg•L −1 (1.13 and 3.35 µg•L −1 , respectively).…”

Section: Conventional Treatment Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Presence of Pharmaceutical Residues in Wastewaters. Evaluation of Their Removal using Conventional and Natural Treatment Procedures

et al. 2020

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To encourage the reutilization of treated wastewaters as an adaptation strategy to climate change it is necessary to demonstrate their quality. If this is ensured, reclaimed waters could be a valuable resource that produces very little environmental impact and risks to human health. However, wastewaters are one of the main sources of emerging pollutants that are discharged in the environment. For this, it is essential to assess the presence of these pollutants, especially pharmaceutical compounds, in treated wastewaters. Moreover, the different treatment processes must be evaluated in order to know if conventional and natural treatment technologies are efficient in the removal of these types of compounds. This is an important consideration if the treated wastewaters are used in agricultural activities. Owing to the complexity of wastewater matrixes and the low concentrations of pharmaceutical residues in these types of samples, it is necessary to use sensitive analytical methodologies. In this study, the presence of 11 pharmaceutical compounds were assessed in three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Gran Canaria (Spain). Two of these WWTPs use conventional purification technologies and they are located in densely populated areas, while the other studied WWTP is based in constructed wetlands which purify the wastewaters of a rural area. The sampling was performed monthly for two years. A solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was applied for the analysis of the samples, and the 11 pharmaceuticals were detected in all the studied WWTPs. The concentrations were variable and ranged from ng·L−1 in some compounds like diclofenac or carbamazepine to µg·L−1 in common pharmaceutical compounds such as caffeine, naproxen or ibuprofen. In addition, removal efficiencies in both conventional and natural purification systems were evaluated. Similar removal efficiencies were obtained using different purifying treatments, especially for some pharmaceutical families as stimulants or anti-inflammatories. Other compounds like carbamazepine showed a recalcitrant behavior. Secondary treatments presented similar removal efficiencies in both conventional and natural wastewater treatment plants, but conventional treatments showed slightly higher elimination ratios. Regarding tertiary system, the treatment with highest removal efficiencies was reverse osmosis in comparison with microfiltration and electrodialysis reversal.

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Section: Conventional Treatment Wwtpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of the Presence of Pharmaceutical Residues in Wastewaters. Evaluation of Their Removal using Conventional and Natural Treatment Procedures

et al. 2020

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“…During the period 2000–2011 [ 23 , 26 ], an increase in the use of anxiolytics and hypnotics was reported in Spain c , while for the period 2000–2012 there was an increase in the use of antidepressant drugs [ 10 , 11 , 27 ]. It should be noted that although these increases are greater than those produced in other European countries over the same time period [ 26 ], the average consumption of anxiolytics is higher in Spain than in other European countries [ 29 ]. However, in the cases of antidepressants and antipsychotics, these are clearly below the European average [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that although these increases are greater than those produced in other European countries over the same time period [ 26 ], the average consumption of anxiolytics is higher in Spain than in other European countries [ 29 ]. However, in the cases of antidepressants and antipsychotics, these are clearly below the European average [ 29 ]. It is also worth noting that while the sales of antidepressants continued to increase during the economic crisis, (10% rise between 2009 and 2012) [ 11 ], the consumption of antipsychotics between 2009 and 2012 remained practically unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Financial Crisis on Psychotropic Drug Consumption in a Cohort from a Semi-Urban Region in Catalonia, Spain

et al. 2016

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PurposeEvidence of whether the recent economic crisis has or has not had an effect on psychotropic drug consumption is very scarce. Our objective was to determine if there had in fact been an increase in psychotropic drug use as a result of the financial crisis.MethodsIn our study a retrospective cohort (between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012) was made up of individuals from the general population in a region in the northeast of Catalonia, Spain. We specified a generalized linear mixed model along with combined ‘selection on observables’ as (propensity scoring) matching and ‘selection on unobservables’ as (random coefficient) the panel data model methods, and performed inferences using a Bayesian framework.ResultsIn the period following the economic crisis (post 2009), there was an increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs which was significantly higher among those who had already been consuming psychotropic drugs prior to 2009 and those most likely to be unemployed. The increase was of greater significance when consumption was measured by the number of drugs being taken, rather than by the defined daily dose (DDD), with the greatest increase occurring in 2011; the very year in which Spain was most affected by the crisis.ConclusionsOnce the financial crisis had ended, there was an increase in the severity, rather than the intensity, of mental health disorders in individuals who had already had disorders before the crisis. This increase occurred in those most likely to be unemployed, and the severity was accentuated in the toughest year of the economic crisis.

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“…De hecho, diversos estudios 3-5 han mostrado que el consumo de estos medicamentos aumentó considerablemente y de manera sostenida en España durante los años 90. Análisis más recientes sugieren que España estaría situada por encima de la media europea en consumo de ansiolíticos 6,7 . En una encuesta reciente sobre abuso de drogas se estima que la prevalencia de uso de hipnóticos sedantes en España durante el año 2011 fue del 11,4% en población general 8 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evolución del uso de medicamentos ansiolíticos e hipnóticos en España durante el período 2000-2011

Sánchez

Saint-Gerons

Honrubia

et al. 2013

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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Utilización de medicamentos en España y en Europa

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

A Survey of the Presence of Pharmaceutical Residues in Wastewaters. Evaluation of Their Removal using Conventional and Natural Treatment Procedures

A Survey of the Presence of Pharmaceutical Residues in Wastewaters. Evaluation of Their Removal using Conventional and Natural Treatment Procedures

Effects of the Financial Crisis on Psychotropic Drug Consumption in a Cohort from a Semi-Urban Region in Catalonia, Spain

Evolución del uso de medicamentos ansiolíticos e hipnóticos en España durante el período 2000-2011

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