Utility of the visual system to monitor neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

Mey, Gabrielle M; DeSilva, Tara M.

doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1125115

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In general, MS is considered to be a two-stage disease that begins with demyelination leading to neuronal degeneration; however, recent findings suggest that early neurodegenerative processes are already present at the initial disease stages [ 24 ]. Various imaging biomarkers of early degeneration were previously established using advanced technologies such as brain and spinal cord atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thinning of the retinal nerve fibre and ganglion cell layers on optical coherence tomography [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. However, these studies are currently of limited availability in routine clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study of the Total and Phosphorylated Tau Proteins in Early-Stage Multiple Sclerosis

Masiulienė,

Pampuščenko,

Žemgulytė

et al. 2024

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Recent findings suggest that neurodegeneration starts early in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and significantly contributes to the progression of patients’ disability. Tau is a microtubule-binding protein that is known to play a role in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. Newly emerging data on tau protein-induced neurodegenerative processes and its possible involvement in MS suggest that it may be involved in the pathology of early-stage MS. Therefore, this study aimed to test this hypothesis in patients with newly diagnosed MS. Materials and Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from 19 patients with newly diagnosed MS and 19 control subjects. All MS patients underwent neurological examination, lumbar punction, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CSF concentrations of total and phosphorylated tau (phospho-tau-181) protein were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The total tau concentration was significantly higher in the CSF of MS patients compared to controls (141.67 pg/mL, IQR 77.79–189.17 and 68.77 pg/mL, IQR 31.24–109.17, p = 0.025). In MS patients, the total tau protein positively correlated with total CSF protein (r = 0.471, p = 0.048). Significantly higher total tau concentration was measured in MS patients with higher lesion load in brain MRI (≥9 versus <9 lesions; 168.33 pg/mL, IQR 111.67–222.32 and 73.33 pg/mL, IQR -32.13–139.29-, p = 0.021). The CSF concentration of phospho-tau-181 protein was below the detection limit in both MS and control subjects. Conclusions: The concentration of total tau protein level is elevated, whereas phospho-tau-181 is undetectable in the CSF of patients with early-stage MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study of the Total and Phosphorylated Tau Proteins in Early-Stage Multiple Sclerosis

Masiulienė,

Pampuščenko,

Žemgulytė

et al. 2024

Medicina

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“…Visual system dysfunction is incredibly common in MS and contributes to overall disability. 3,4 Dynamic injury and recovery along the visual pathway reflect that of the brain, 4,5 and both acute and chronic demyelination of the visual system can be studied. Well-established functional, electrophysiologic, and structural measures are highly sensitive to changes along the visual pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study of Remyelinating Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Visual Outcomes as a Window Into Repair

Zuroff,

Green

2024

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Introduction: Amelioration of disability in multiple sclerosis requires the development of complementary therapies that target neurodegeneration and promote repair. Remyelination is a promising neuroprotective strategy that may protect axons from damage and subsequent neurodegeneration. Methods: A review of key literature plus additional targeted search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted. Results: There has been a rapid expansion of clinical trials studying putative remyelinating candidates, but further growth of the field is limited by the lack of consensus on key aspects of trial design. We have not yet defined the ideal study population, duration of therapy, or the appropriate outcome measures to detect remyelination in humans. The varied natural history of multiple sclerosis, coupled with the short time frame of phase II clinical trials, requires that we develop and validate biomarkers of remyelination that can serve as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Conclusions: We propose that the visual system may be the most well-suited and validated model for the study potential remyelinating agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of demyelination and summarize the current clinical trial landscape of remyelinating agents. We present some of the challenges in the study of remyelinating agents and discuss current potential biomarkers of remyelination and repair, emphasizing both established and emerging visual outcome measures.

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Utility of the visual system to monitor neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

Pilot Study of the Total and Phosphorylated Tau Proteins in Early-Stage Multiple Sclerosis

Pilot Study of the Total and Phosphorylated Tau Proteins in Early-Stage Multiple Sclerosis

The Study of Remyelinating Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Visual Outcomes as a Window Into Repair

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