“…this gene, however, is difficult to amplify successfully for several animal species (Bhadury et al 2006, Moszczynska et al 2009, Hoareau and Boissin 2010, including species of Gyrodactylus (see Meinilä et al 2002, this study). Alternatively, the coii gene has been successfully used as a molecular marker in phylogenetic reconstructions and evolutionary studies for various species of animals (spicer 1995, Adkins et al 1996, Frati et al 1997, caterino and sperling 1999, Pruess et al 2000, Piaggio and spicer 2001, rawson and Burton 2006. Although the rate of nucleotide substitution of coii is higher than the coi in Gyrodactylus (Huyse et al 2008), we found it easier to locate conserved regions of the mitochondrial genome to design primers to amplify and sequence coii than coi of gyrodactylidae.…”