Utility of glucagon in the emergency department

The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis: An updated practice parameter

“…In this situation both glucagon administration and isotonic volume expansion (in some circumstances up to 7 L of crystalloid are necessary) might be necessary. 72,[87][88][89] Glucagon might reverse refractory bronchospasm and hypotension during anaphylaxis in patients receiving b-adrenergic antagonists by activating adenyl cyclase directly and bypassing the b-adrenergic receptor. 90 The recommended dosage for glucagon is 1 to 5 mg (20-30 mg/ kg [maximum dose, 1 mg] in children) administered intravenously over 5 minutes and followed by an infusion (5-15 mg/min) titrated to clinical response.…”

Allergen immunotherapy: A practice parameter third update

“…C Glucagon can exert salutary effects in the setting of treatmentresistant, b-blocker-associated anaphylaxis based on increasing cyclic AMP levels through noncatecholamine mechanisms and exertion of potent chronotropic and inotropic effects. 267 Improvement of refractory hypotension in patients with b-blocker-associated refractory anaphylaxis has been reported after administration of intravenous glucagon. 262 Summary Statement 40: ACE inhibitors have been associated with greater risk for more severe reaction from venom immunotherapy, as well as field stings.…”

The diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis practice parameter: 2010 Update

“…53,[65][66][67][68][69] Glucagon may reverse refractory bronchospasm and hypotension during anaphylaxis in patients on b-blockers by activating adenyl cyclase directly and bypassing the b -adrenergic receptor. 53,[67][68][69] The recommended dosage for glucagon is 1 to 5 mg (20-30 mg/kg [max. 1 mg] in children) administered intravenously over 5 min and followed by an infusion, 5-15 mg/min, titrated to clinical response.…”