Utilisation et vulnérabilité des espèces végétales et stratégies d'adaptation des populations riveraines de la Forêt Classée du Kou (Burkina Faso)

Abstract

La problématique de la déforestation est importante dans les régions arides et semi-arides de l’Afrique. Les politiques de gestion des forêts excluant les besoins réels des populations font qu’elle persiste. Cette étude vise à améliorer la gestion participative et durable des forêts classées au Burkina Faso. Une enquête ethnobotanique impliquant 60 ménages des villages riverains de la Forêt Classée du Kou et un inventaire floristique sur 36 placettes ont été réalisés. L’indice de vulnérabilité des espèces a été calculé et des analyses statistiques multidimensionnelles ont été effectuées. Les résultats montrent que la forêt comporte 206 espèces dont 80 utilisées pour l’alimentation (100%), la médecine (96,7%), l’artisanat (88,71%), la construction (88,7%), la bioénergie (75,81%) et le fourrage (64,52%). Les produits recherchés sont : fruits (100%), feuilles (95,16%) et bois (93,55%). Le V-test et l’ACM révèlent une utilisation influencée par la profession, le sexe et le niveau académique. Des espèces utilisées, 68,75% sont vulnérables et 53,75% sont sur la liste rouge de l’UICN. Comme stratégies d’adaptation, 58,82% des enquêtés proposent l’agroforesterie et 41,18% proposent la substitution des espèces menacées. Il est indéniable que cette forêt classée couvre les besoins essentiels des populations riveraines qui doivent s’imposer une exploitation rationnelle de ses ressources.
 English title: Use and vulnerability of plant species and adaptation strategies of the riparian populations of the Kou Classified Forest (Burkina Faso)
 The problem of deforestation is important in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa. Forest management policies that exclude the real needs of the population justify the persistence of deforestation. This study aims to improve the participatory and sustainable management of classified forests in Burkina Faso. An ethnobotanical survey involving 60 households in the villages bordering the Kou Classified Forest and a floristic inventory on 36 plots were carried out. The species vulnerability index was calculated and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. The results show that the forest contains 206 species, 80 of which are used for food (100%), medicine (96.7%), handicrafts (88.71%), construction (88.7%), fuelwood (75.81%) and fodder (64.52%). The products sought are: fruits (100%), leaves (95.16%) and wood (93.55%). The V-test and the MCA reveal a use influenced by profession, gender and academic level. Of the species used, 68.75% are vulnerable and 53.75% are on the IUCN Red List. As adaptation strategies, 58.82% of the respondents propose agroforestry and 41.18% propose the substitution of threatened species by those available. It is undeniable that this classified forest covers the essential needs of the riparian populations who must impose themselves a rational exploitation of its resources.

Analysis of the impact of the use of and of climate on the vulnerability and availability of Macaranga beillei in Côte d’Ivoire

“…For processing the survey data, we used the method used by Bériname et al (2018), Badjaré et al (2018) and Yaovi et al (2021). Thus, we calculated the citation frequency (F).…”

“…Major parameters are taken into account for calculating the vulnerability index(Badjaré et al 2018;Yaovi et al 2021) …”

Phytodiversity and Vulnerability of Protected Areas in Burkina Faso: Case of Péni Classified Forest

“…This diversity is higher compared to other classified forests that have been inventoried in the same phytogeographical zone. Indeed, the floristic inventory carried out in the protected areas of Bala (Taïta, 1997), Bansié (Ouédraogo, 2004), Niangoloko (Ouoba, 2006), Pama (Mbayngone, 2008), Kou (Yaovi et al, 2021) and the two Balé (Tankoano, 2017) recorded respectively 282 species, 303 species, 353 species, 336 species, 206 species and 109 species. This difference reflects the importance of Péni Classified Forest (PCF) in the conservation of diversity despite its small size (1200 hectares).…”

Local perceptions of anthropogenic and climate factors affecting the use and the conservation of Detarium microcarpum and Detarium senegalense in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

“…The study revealed that local populations are aware of the decline and the disappearance of Detarium species from their habitat, primarily attributed to the overexploitation of plant parts, such as the bark and the trunk, alongside habitat destruction for agricultural expansion. This indiscriminate exploitation across all plant parts significantly jeopardises the species' survival (Yaovi et al, 2021). The major threats identified in Burkina Faso include bushfires, population growth, wood overexploitation and traditional mining exploitation.…”

“…With increasing populations, NTFP market values have risen, putting greater pressure on these woody multipurpose species. This pressure contributes to the vulnerability of D. microcarpum and D. senegalense (Ouédraogo et al, 2021; Yaovi et al, 2021). In addition, the lack of effective management strategies and insecurity in West African Sahelian countries amplify the threats to these species (Zerbo et al, 2022).…”