Uterine Involution and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows with Metabolic Diseases

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of metabolic diseases on uterine involution and reproductive performance during the postpartum period. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 50) were divided into four groups based on whether they were healthy (n = 14), or had lipomobilization (n = 14), hypocalcemia (n = 11), and hyperketonemia (n = 11). Transrectal palpation and transrectal B-Mode sonography were carried out on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 after parturition. Cows with metabolic disease had a greater (p < 0.05) uterine size as assessed transrectally compared with cows without metabolic disease. Sonographic measurements revealed a greater (p < 0.05) horn diameter and endometrial thickness in cows of the metabolic disease groups than in the healthy cows. Metabolic disease affected (p < 0.05) the milk yield, percentage of service per pregnancy, days to first ovulation and days open. In conclusion, metabolic disease affected the uterine involution and fertility during the postpartum period.

Potential Benefits of Boswellia sacra Resin on Immunity, Metabolic Status, Udder and Uterus Health, and Milk Production in Transitioning Goats

“…This study was conducted to evaluate the potential benefits of Bs gum resin, aiming its biological active secondary metabolites, on the health of transitioning dairy goats by assessing immune response indicators, udder and uterus health indicators, metabolic indicators, and colostrum and milk production efficiency. It is believed that the transition period is one of the most challenging reproductive windows that are associated with the occurrence of severe metabolic changes, hormonal imbalances, and inflammatory responses [4]. These changes can negatively affect both the health and performance of animals, specifically uterine involution and milk production (the two main physiological events related to the transition period) [5,28].…”

“…In ruminants, the transition period (late gestation to early lactation) is accompanied by many metabolic, physiological, and behavioral adaptive mechanisms to meet the requirements of the postpartum period, including lactogenesis, uterine involution, and ovarian resumption [1,2]. These dramatic changes increase the vulnerability of lactating animals to metabolic disorders and infectious diseases due to the increase in inflammatory factors, free radicals, and impaired immunity [3][4][5], which may increase the risk of disease emergence among and via food-producing animals. Thus, the productivity and health status of postpartum dams are due to the sum of interactions between metabolic status, immune system function, and inflammatory status [6].…”

“…Besides, the severe energy utilization by the mammary gland can lead to negative energy balance (NEB) and insulin resistance, which increase the risk of developing metabolic diseases, such as ketosis. These metabolic diseases can induce certain immune system depression and increase inflammatory factors [4]. Accordingly, the productivity and health status of transitioning dams during the postpartum period could be boosted by adjusting their metabolism and immunity.…”

Influence of peripartum on the erythrogram of Holstein dairy cows

“…During this period, homeorrhetic adaptations occur in preparation for parturition and the onset of lactation (Bauman & Currie 1980). These endocrine, metabolic and immunological changes include increased circulating concentrations of oestrogen, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and reduced serum concentrations of progesterone, calcium, glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (Drackley 1999;Kimura et al 2002;Meglia et al 2005;Moreira et al 2015;Paiano et al 2018Paiano et al , 2019aPaiano et al , 2019bPaiano et al , 2019cPaiano et al , 2019dWankhade et al 2017). The growth of the foetus in late gestation can cause compression and increased internal pressure of digestive organs because of decreased physical space, resulting in the reduction of dry matter intake and the negative energy balance (Bell 1995;Goff & Horst 1997;Ingvartsen & Andersen 2000;Kaufman et al 2017).…”

Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (Kacip Fatimah) stimulates uterine contraction in rats in post-partum period

“…In addition, uterine contraction also helps to shed the necrotic endometrium during menstruation and to expulse the foetus and placenta at delivery (Jabbour et al, 2006). In post-delivery period, contraction helps the uterus to involute (Braga Paiano et al, 2019). Uterine contraction can be modulated by many factors such as hormones including oxytocin, estrogen and progesterone (Salleh et al, 2015).…”