This study aimed to determine the socio-demographic profile and the licit and illicit drugs use among students of public and private schools located in the city of Picos, Piauí. The study was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire applied to 2400 students. We found a student's profile aged from 14 to 18 years old (94.5%), predominantly female (56%), unmarried (95.5%) and white (45.7%). Regarding drugs consumption, the most commonly used are alcohol and tobacco for licit drugs and tranquilizers and marijuana for illicit drugs. A family relationship based on dialogue, a good school relationship and information on the use of these substances can contribute to reduced drug consumption.