“…The magnitude of Cu sorption by the soil is reduced with time when fungicides containing the metal are used due to the saturation of the functional groups at the particles surface, increasing Cu concentration in the soil solution and its https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.011 Received 5 January 2018; Received in revised form 4 May 2018; Accepted 7 May 2018 availability for roots, leading to a potential plant toxicity risks (Fernández-Calviño et al, 2010;Girotto et al, 2016). The toxicity induced by Cu in grapevine may cause several structural modifications in the roots, such as reduction of root elongation, cortex cell plasmolysis (Juang et al, 2012), increased root diameter and alterations in the cell division zone (Ambrosini et al, 2015); along with modifications in nutrient distribution among plant organs (Cambrollé et al, 2015a;Melo et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2015;Toselli et al, 2009); and physiological changes, such as oxidative stress (Miotto et al, 2014), reduced concentration of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves (Cambrollé et al, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2015;Tiecher et al, 2017) and modification in gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence (Cambrollé et al, 2013(Cambrollé et al, , 2015aRosa et al, 2014). The effects of Cu toxicity depend on the amount of the metal available, but also on the soil type, duration of the exposure to Cu, growth conditions and plant genotype (Adrees et al, 2015;Ambrosini et al, 2015;Rosa et al, 2014).…”