Usnic acid uses mitochondrial apopitotic pathway in it’s antitumoral role

Çoban, Zehra Dilşad; Karaer, Tuna; Atmaca, Büşra; Demir, Halide Kaya; Guran, Sefik

doi:10.7197/223.v39i31705.347452

Cumhuriyet Medical Journal

2017

DOI: 10.7197/223.v39i31705.347452

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Usnic acid uses mitochondrial apopitotic pathway in it’s antitumoral role

Zehra Dilşad Çoban¹,

Tuna Karaer²,

Büşra Atmaca³

et al.

Abstract: Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite in lichens whose role has not been completely elucidated. Lichen extracts containing usnic acid have been utilized in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, and ecology. Usnic asit inhibits cell growth, induces the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma. Methods:Herein we analyzed the antitumoral effect of usnic acid on the same cell line. We analyzed the gene expression results on APOPT1, CYCS, APAF1, CASP3/9, TNF, BCL2, BCL2L1 and AIFM1 genes which have possible… Show more

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“…The most important secondary metabolite, common to all species of the genus Usnea, is usnic acid-C 18 H 16 O 7 -[2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9bdimethyldibenzofuran-1,3(2H,9bH)-dione], which is a phenolic compound with dibenzofuran structure [21] (Figure 1). Both the (+) and (−) enantiomers, as well as their racemic mixture of usnic acid, display numerous biological activities including cytotoxic activities against cancer cells [22], which are responsible for most of the biological actions of the lichens of this genus [23].Molecules 2020, 25, x 3 of 17…”

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Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of the Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg Dry Extract

et al. 2020

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The secondary metabolites of lichens have proven to be promising sources of anticancer drugs; one of the most important of these is usnic acid, which is a phenolic compound with dibenzofuran structure that is responsible for the numerous biological actions of lichens of genus Usnea. As a result, in this study, we related to this phenolic secondary metabolite. The aim of the present study is the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg dry acetone extract (UBE). In advance, the usnic acid content was determined in various extracts of Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg: the liquid extracts were found in water, ethanol, acetone, and the dry acetone extract; the highest usnic acid quantity was found in the dry acetone extract. First, the cytotoxic action of UBE was assessed using Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) test; a significant lethal effect was obtained after 24 h of treatment at high used concentrations of UBE, and it was quantified by the high mortality rate of the Artemia salina (L.) larvae. Secondly, in vitro cytotoxicity of UBE was evaluated on human tongue squamous cells carcinoma, using CAL 27 (ATCC ® CRL-2095™) cell line. The most intense cytotoxic effect of UBE on CAL 27 cells was registered after 24 h; this response is directly proportional with the tested UBE concentrations. The obtained results have been reported regarding usnic acid content of UBE, and the data show that CAL 27 cells death was induced by apoptosis and high oxidative stress.Molecules 2020, 25, 1865 2 of 17 therapeutic tools for the total destruction of cancer cells with limited effects on normal cells [1]. It is known that carcinogenesis is a complex process, involving cellular and molecular alterations, mediated by endogenous and/or exogenous factors: oxidative DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, and oncogene activation are responsible for the development of cancer and may be induced by prolonged oxidative stress [2]. Thus, in cancer pathology, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) have dual role, confirmed by many studies: first, ROS are cytotoxic, having an important contribution in the etiology and progression of cancer [3]. At the same time, many antitumor agents can destroy the cancer cells through intense oxidative stress, generating ROS production in high quantities [4]. Increasing ROS levels through redox modulation could in the future be an effective strategy for the selective destruction of cancer cells (not normal cells) [5]; this method is called "oxidative therapy" [6], and it was developed by inducing cytotoxic oxidation as a stress factor in cancer cells in the treatment of cancer [7].One of the most invasive malignancies is the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common cancer of oral cavity; it can affect any part of the oral cavity including lips, tongue, gums, buccal epithelium, and salivary glands [8]. Despite that, the oral cavity is easily accessible for the direct visual examination, and the mortality from oral cancer remains still high because in the early stages, the pat...

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Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of the Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg Dry Extract

et al. 2020

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Modulation of Cellular Circadian Rhythms by Secondary Metabolites of Lichens

Srimani

Schmidt

Gómez-Serranillos

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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BackgroundMost mammalian cells harbor molecular circadian clocks that synchronize physiological functions with the 24-h day-night cycle. Disruption of circadian rhythms, through genetic or environmental changes, promotes the development of disorders like obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. At the cellular level, circadian, mitotic, and redox cycles are functionally coupled. Evernic (EA) and usnic acid (UA), two lichen secondary metabolites, show various pharmacological activities including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective action. All these effects have likewise been associated with a functional circadian clock.Hypothesis/PurposeTo test, if the lichen compounds EA and UA modulate circadian clock function at the cellular level.MethodsWe used three different cell lines and two circadian luminescence reporter systems for evaluating dose- and time-dependent effects of EA/UA treatment on cellular clock regulation at high temporal resolution. Output parameters studied were circadian luminescence rhythm period, amplitude, phase, and dampening rate.ResultsBoth compounds had marked effects on clock rhythm amplitudes and dampening independent of cell type, with UA generally showing a higher efficiency than EA. Only in fibroblast cells, significant effects on clock period were observed for UA treated cells showing shorter and EA treated cells showing longer period lengths. Transient treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts at different phases had only minor clock resetting effects for both compounds.ConclusionSecondary metabolites of lichen alter cellular circadian clocks through amplitude reduction and increased rhythm dampening.

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Usnic acid uses mitochondrial apopitotic pathway in it’s antitumoral role

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of the Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg Dry Extract

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity of the Usnea barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg Dry Extract

Modulation of Cellular Circadian Rhythms by Secondary Metabolites of Lichens

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