Usnic acid and Triacylglycerides Production by the Cultured Lichen Mycobiont of <i>Ramalina celastri</i>

Fazio, Alejandra Teresa; Adler, M. T.; Maier, Marta S.

doi:10.1177/1934578x1400900219

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Lichenized fungi contain many of the fatty acids commonly found in higher plants [119] and in marine natural products [120]. Among these fatty acids, oleic ( 70 ), palmitic ( 71 ) and stearic ( 72 ) acids were found in R. lacera [46], R. yasudae [119] and in the mycobiont of R. celastri [121]. α-Linolenic acid ( 73 ) was found in R. yasudae [119] and R. lacera [46]; and linoleic ( 74 ) and myristic ( 75 ) [119] acids were found in R. yasudae [45].…”

Section: Chemical Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Ramalina Lichenized Fungi

et al. 2015

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Lichens are a form of symbiont between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium, which contains a wide variety of organic compounds with certain secondary metabolite classes typical of these organisms. The Ramalina genus has approximately 246 species distributed around the World, of which in this review approximately 118 species with published chemical or biological activity studies of extracts or isolated compounds were cited. From the 153 mentioned compounds, only 27 passed were tested for biological activity, being usnic acid the most studied compound and the one showing the best results in almost all in vitro tests performed, although other compounds also presented excellent results as antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, among others. Extracts of several species also presented significant results in performed biological tests, demonstrating the potential that these organisms have, in particular, the gender Ramalina, to produce bioactive molecules that can be used as a model for the production of pharmaceuticals.

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Section: Chemical Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Ramalina Lichenized Fungi

et al. 2015

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“…The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicines, mostly plant drugs, for their primary health care needs [4]. Similar to higher plants, lichens are considered potential sources of novel biologically active compounds and have been used in traditional medicine for years [5,6]. Lichens are complex symbiotic associations between a fungus (mycobiont) and an alga or a cyanobacterium (photobiont) and are used for human nutrition, animal nutrition, for obtaining colors, perfumes and alcohol [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Activity of the Lichen Usnea steineri and its Major Metabolites against Gram–positive, Multidrug–resistant Bacteria

Tozatti

Ferreira

Flauzino

et al. 2016

Natural Product Communications

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The antimicrobial activity and possible synergistic effects of extracts and compounds isolated from Usnea steineri were evaluated against four resistant bacterial species. A phytochemical study of the acetone extract of U. steineri resulted in the isolation and characterization of difractaic acid and (+)-usnic acid as the main compounds. The acetone extract showed strong activity (less than 10 µg/mL) against resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis, and (+)-usnic acid exhibited strong activity against S. epidermidis (MIC 3.12 µg/mL), S. aureus and S. haemolyticus (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). Combinations of penicillin and tetracycline with (+)-usnic acid did not show any synergistic antimicrobial effects. Difractaic acid was inactive. Our results showed that the acetone extract of U. steineri possesses significant in vitro antimicrobial activity, which is likely related to the presence of (+)-usnic acid.

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“…Furthermore, the concentration could be dependent on the time difference in the extraction process and the dissolution of the extracted substances in organic solvents and DMSO through possible differences in polarity between the solvents. This may result in a difference not only in obtaining the absolute concentration of compounds in the extract, but also different proportions between the biochemical groups, regardless of the environmental (Armaleo et al 2008 ; Neupane et al 2017 ) and nutritional (Fazio et al 2014 ; Santiago et al 2020 ) influences or ecotype (Norouzi et al 2020 ) on the concentration of substances in the lichen thalli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi

2021

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A systematic review of literature data on the antifungal potential of extracted lichen compounds and individual secondary metabolites against mold species of the genus Aspergillus is provided. Crude extracts from 49 epiphytic, 16 epigeic and 22 epilithic species of lichens and 44 secondary metabolites against 10 species, Aspergillus candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. restrictus, A. stellatus and A. ustus, were analysed. Several measuring techniques were employed for such analyses. Lichen substances were extracted with alcoholic and other organic solvents mainly using the Soxhlet apparatus. Among the three most-studied mold species, the results showed that the crude extracts from the thalli of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Hypotrachyna cirrhata, Leucodermia leucomelos, Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea against Aspergillus flavus, from C. foliacea, Nephroma arcticum and Parmelia sulcata against A. fumigatus and from Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Umbilicaria cylindrica and Variospora dolomiticola against A. niger have the greatest antifungal potential. The lichen secondary metabolites showed a higher inhibitory potential, e.g. protolichesterinic acid against A. flavus, lecanoric acid against A. fumigatus and orsellinic acid against A. niger; the other seven species of Aspergillus have been poorly studied and require further investigation. A comparison of the inhibitory potential of the tested mixtures of lichen substances and their secondary metabolites shows that they can compete with commonly used antifungal substances, such as ketoconazole and clotrimazole against A. flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger and A. parasiticus and fluconazole in the case of A. fumigatus.

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Usnic acid and Triacylglycerides Production by the Cultured Lichen Mycobiont of Ramalina celastri

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Ramalina Lichenized Fungi

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Ramalina Lichenized Fungi

Activity of the Lichen Usnea steineri and its Major Metabolites against Gram–positive, Multidrug–resistant Bacteria

The effect of lichen secondary metabolites on Aspergillus fungi

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