Using the Turkish Red Pine Tree to Monitor Heavy Metal Pollution

Abstract

Turkish red pine is an evergreen tree species widely distributed in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions in Turkey. In the present work, the heavy metal pollution level in Istanbul was investigated using Turkish red pine as a biomonitor. For determining heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb) in leaf (unwashed and washed) and bark samples of Turkish red pine and its co-located soil samples we used ICP-OES. Additionally, particulate matter profiles of the research areas were investigated. The samples were collected from 5 different localities: 4 from the Bosporus region (Yildiz Grove, Fethi Pasha Grove, Baltalimani Grove and Mihrabad Grove) and one from Prince Island, also known as Buyukada (as control). According to our measurements, the highest heavy metal accumulations (in mg kg -1 DW) in plant part samples were measured between 1.526±0.012 and 1.639±0.015 for Cd, 0.543±0.007 and 0.600±0.009 for Co, 5.110±0.064 and 5.648±0.072 for Cr, 9.347±0.105 and 10.331±0.111 for Mn, 7.483±0.091 and 8.271±0.096 for Ni, and 13.848±0.159 and 14.950±0.167 for Pb, while the highest heavy metal accumulations (in mg kg -1 DW) in soil samples were measured between 1.813±0.021 and 1.974±0.029 for Cd, 6.326±0.082 and 6.992±0.091 for Co, 22.017±0.284 and 23.685±0.301 for Cr, 268.333±3.153 and 297.361±3.529 for Mn, 15.194±0.176 and 16.792±0.193 for Ni, and 68.778±0.715 and 74.514±0.883 for Pb. The highest outdoor particulate matter levels (in µg/m 3 ) in research areas were also determined as 27.103 for fine (PM 2.5 ) and 67.792 for coarse (PM 10 ) aerosols. The findings revealed that Turkish red pine could accumulate noteworthy amounts of heavy metals.

Assessment of heavy metal content in tree barks: Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus nigra (RETRACTED)

“…In a study conducted on P. brutia bark samples collected from different regions of Turkey, lower levels of Cr were recorded (between 0.819 ± 0.011 mg/kg and 0.907 ± 0.013 mg/kg) compared to our P. sylvestris bark samples (between 3.206 ± 0.142 mg/kg and 7.302 ± 0.038 mg/kg), but higher compared to the P. nigra sample (Cr not detected). However, in the same study Cd was detected in the samples (between 1.526 ± 0.012 mg/kg and 1.639 ± 0.015 mg/kg), and also higher contents of Pb were recorded (between 13.848 ± 0.159 mg/kg and 14.950 ± 0.167 mg/kg) compared to our results (Yalcin et al 2020). Parzych et al recorded higher contents of Ni in P. sylvestris (90.6 ± 2 mg/kg) and P. nigra (80.5 ± 2 mg/kg) bark samples and also detected Cd in these samples (1.2 ± 0.7 mg/kg for P. nigra and 2.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg for P. sylvestris) (Parzych et al 2017) metal ranges: between 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/kg and 1.9 ± 0.7 mg/kg for Ni; between 0.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg and 1.4 ± 0.6 mg/kg for Cd and between 2.9 ± 0.8 mg/kg and 4.0 ± 1.2 mg/kg for Cr (Sut-Lohmann et al 2020).…”

Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soil of Changchun New Area

“…2. As, cu, Pb, cr, ni, Hg, and Zn did not exceed the standard compared with the screening value of soil pollution risk of agricultural land [30], except for one sample with cd exceeding the…”

Removal of heavy metals from textile industry wastewater

“…Heavy metals are commonly defined according to their density; metals with a density higher than 5 g/cm 3 are classified as heavy metals (Gu and Lin, 2010;Yalcin et al, 2020). Although heavy metals exist in nature, they are very toxic, especially in high concentrations and can accumulate in the soil, water, and human body (Mathur et al, 2005;Suresh et al, 2015;Ozyigit et al, 2018).…”