Using the IRAP to explore natural language statements

Kavanagh, Deirdre; Hussey, Ian; McEnteggart, Ciara; Barnes‐Holmes, Yvonne; Barnes‐Holmes, Dermot

doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.10.001

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In doing so, the separation of the stimuli within an IRAP into labels and targets may be problematic because participants may simplify the task by responding to single words or subclauses within the labels and targets in such a way that fails to capture perspective-taking. One way of potentially avoiding this problem would be to employ a natural language format previously reported by Kavanagh, Hussey, McEnteggart, Barnes-Holmes, and Barnes-Holmes (2016). In that study, the IRAP combined the label and target stimuli to form statements that are more similar to natural language.…”

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The On-Going Search for Perspective-Taking IRAPs: Exploring the Potential of the Natural Language-IRAP

et al. 2019

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Under a Relational Frame Theory (RFT) framework, researchers have investigated the role of deictic relational responding (perspective-taking) in the analysis of self in relation to others, place, and time. The aim of the current research was to develop IRAPs that targeted deictic relational responding with regard to the mental states of self and others. This was pursued in a series of experiments that employed a novel version of the IRAP, known as the Natural Language-IRAP (NL-IRAP). The use of the NL-IRAP allowed for the presentation of relatively complex statements that required participants to infer the thoughts or beliefs of others on a trial-by-trial basis within the IRAP. Across a sequence of six experiments, a 'selffocused IRAP' required participants to respond to both positive and negative statements about themselves, whilst an 'other-focused IRAP' required participants to respond to similar statements about others. Experiments 1 and 2 investigated perspective-taking with regard to an unspecified other. Experiments 3-6 investigated perspective-taking with regard to a specified other, with the specified relationship between self and other manipulated across experiments. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the other-focused IRAP produced overall bias scores that were significantly stronger than responding to the selffocused IRAP. Interestingly, non-significant differences were recorded across Experiments 3-6 when other was specified. The findings obtained across the six studies highlight potentially important limitations in the use of the NL-IRAP as a measure of perspective-taking.

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The On-Going Search for Perspective-Taking IRAPs: Exploring the Potential of the Natural Language-IRAP

et al. 2019

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“…Além disso, a conversão dos estímulos em frases completas poderia, se não eliminar este efeito da leitura parcial, ao menos minimizá-lo. Aparentemente, transformar um IRAP típico em um IRAP de Língua Natural (Natural Language IRAP) não repercute em diferenças significativas, embora possa encorajar os participantes a responderem ao rótulo ou alvo da maneira como foi programado pelo experimentador (Kavanagh et al, 2016). Adicionalmente, a conversão em frases também poderia resolver uma possível limitação do presente experimento com relação aos termos apresentados como rótulos e alvos, a saber, o fato de não ser possível identificar com clareza se os participantes estavam considerando a aceitação em um nível individual ou em um nível social ao emitirem suas respostas.…”

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Um estudo sobre o responder relacional de comparação com base na aceitação de substâncias psicoativas utilizando o IRAP

Oliveira¹,

Almeida²,

Bortoloti³

et al. 2021

perspectivas

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O presente estudo objetivou avaliar, por meio do Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), a existência de um responder relacional de comparação com base na aceitação de substâncias psicoativas. Esperava-se que, mesmo pessoas que nunca consumiram tais substâncias, pudessem desenvolver uma ordem de aceitação semelhante à ordem de consumo dessas drogas no Brasil (i.e., álcool mais aceitável que o tabaco, tabaco mais aceitável que a maconha e maconha mais aceitável que a cocaína). Estudantes universitários com baixos níveis de consumo de álcool e sem história prévia de uso de tabaco, maconha e cocaína participaram do estudo. Os participantes preencheram quatro escalas Likert para aferir a aceitação de cada substância psicoativa e responderam a um IRAP programado para avaliar o responder relacional de comparação entre as quatro substâncias psicoativas mencionadas anteriormente. Nossos resultados não confirmaram a hipótese de que a ordem de aceitação das substâncias psicoativas seguiria a ordem de prevalência de uso destas substâncias. Em uma análise post hoc, somente os resultados do IRAP serviram para diferenciar participantes com e sem experiência prévia com álcool. São realizadas considerações a respeito da relação entre atitudes específicas sobre substâncias psicoativas e seu uso, bem como sobre a programação dos estímulos no IRAP e suas limitações para avaliar o responder relacional de comparação.

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“…All participants in the original studies provided informed consent and studies were approved by the local institutional review board. This dataset includes on data from the traditional IRAP and not variants such as MT-IRAP (Levin et al, 2010), NL-IRAP (Kavanagh et al, 2016), or training-IRAP (Murphy et al, 2019). If the original study required participants to complete the same IRAP more than once, only data from the first one completed was used.…”

Section: Ian Husseymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure is not suitable for individual use

Hussey¹

2020

Preprint

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A meta-analysis suggested that the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) has potential “as a tool for clinical assessment”. Here I present evidence to the contrary. Using all published and unpublished file-drawer data available to me, I bootstrapping 95% Confidence Intervals for each IRAP D score. Results demonstrate that Confidence Intervals are extremely wide: regardless of the estimated D score, the data is equally compatible with a ‘true’ score lying anywhere in the range of very negative to very positive. The IRAP is therefore not currently suitable for individual level use or assessment in research or applied settings.

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Using the IRAP to explore natural language statements

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

The On-Going Search for Perspective-Taking IRAPs: Exploring the Potential of the Natural Language-IRAP

The On-Going Search for Perspective-Taking IRAPs: Exploring the Potential of the Natural Language-IRAP

Um estudo sobre o responder relacional de comparação com base na aceitação de substâncias psicoativas utilizando o IRAP

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure is not suitable for individual use

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