Using the confluence model of sexual aggression to predict men's conflict with women: A 10-year follow-up study.

Malamuth, Neil M.; Linz, Daniel; Heavey, Christopher L.; Barnes, Gordon E.; Acker, Michele

doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.2.353

Cited by 108 publications

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“…While there have been relatively few assessments of sexual aggression perpetration on university campuses, climate survey data have shown that male students commit the majority of offences (Anderson et al, 2021 ; Jones et al, 2020 ). This finding has been validated across several large-scale studies with male students, where approximately one-in-four report a history of sexual perpetration (Anderson et al, 2021 ) and notably more report a proclivity towards harmful sexual activity (e.g., Palmer et al, 2021 ; Wong et al, 2020 ; Zounlome & Wong, 2019 )—a strong indicator of future campus-based sexual offending (e.g., Malamuth et al, 1995 ; Zounlome & Wong, 2019 ). Worryingly, despite recent federal guidelines to make campuses safer, self-reported perpetration rates among male US student samples have increased over the past three decades (Koss et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Empirical support has also been provided for sex-related cognitions as predictors of students’ harmful sexual behaviors. For example, studies have shown that male students in the US who possess problematic sexual fantasies are more likely to engage in illegal sexual activities compared to those without such fantasies (e.g., Gold & Clegg, 1990 ; Malamuth et al, 1995 ; Williams et al, 2009 ). 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, proclivity is more proximal to sexual perpetration than our secondary outcome measures, which signal broader attitudinal and behavioral risk factors for university-based sexual aggression. While self-reported proclivity is not a perfect indicator of future sexual perpetration, several studies have established a strong link between both factors (e.g., Malamuth et al, 1995 ; Palmer et al, 2021 ; Zounlome & Wong, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirically Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pathways Programme: An Online Self-Help Intervention for Male Sexual Aggression at UK Universities

Hales,

Rawers,

Gannon

2024

Arch Sex Behav

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Though contemporary evidence suggests that upwards of one-in-nine UK male university students engage in sexually violent behaviors (Hales and Gannon in Sexual Abuse 34:744–770, 2022), few evidence-based primary prevention strategies have been developed to prevent their perpetration. To help contribute to this evidence gap, this study evaluated the short and longer-term effectiveness of a novel psychoeducation-based online self-help intervention for university male sexual aggression called The Pathways Programme. Designed around current empirical understanding of university-based sexual harm in the UK, the program contains six modules that correspond with known risk factors for perpetration. Data were collected as part of a randomized control trial from 254 self-identified heterosexual male students enrolled at a UK university who reported a proclivity towards sexual aggression. Results showed that participants who took part in the program displayed moderate reductions in their self-perceived likelihood of sexual aggression (our primary treatment target) across testing points, as well as reductions in their self-reported levels of hostility towards women, rape myth acceptance, and problematic sexual fantasies (our secondary treatment targets). Control participants also displayed reductions in some domains over time, albeit to a lesser degree. Additional analyses probed the factors associated with participant drop-out, clinical and reliable change, and user feedback. Overall, our study provides preliminary evidence for the efficacy of The Pathways Programme at reducing UK university males’ risk of sexual aggression; however, we caution readers that more robust evaluation is necessary to support intervention rollout. We discuss our findings alongside the limitations of our study and provide suggestions for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empirically Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pathways Programme: An Online Self-Help Intervention for Male Sexual Aggression at UK Universities

Hales,

Rawers,

Gannon

2024

Arch Sex Behav

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“…The way in which music with sexist content activates certain cognitions and behaviours can be explained through the integration of the General Aggression Model with Malamuth's Confluence Model of male-on-female aggression (Anderson & Anderson, 2008;Malamuth et al, 1995;Vega & Malamuth, 2007). According to this, the music activates thoughts about both sexuality and hostile masculinity, thus providing, via priming, the cognitive input for both the sexual promiscuity path (related to UWSA) and the hostile masculinity path (related to GH).…”

Section: Sexual Harassment and The Motives Behind Itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…La forma en que la música con contenido sexista activa ciertas cogniciones y conductas puede explicarse a través de la integración del Modelo de Agresión General con el Modelo de Confluencia de Malamuth de la agresión de los hombres hacia las mujeres (Anderson & Anderson, 2008;Malamuth et al, 1995;Vega & Malamuth, 2007). De acuerdo con esto, la música activa pensamientos sobre sexualidad y masculinidad hostil, proporcionando así, a través del priming, el input cognitivo tanto para la ruta de la promiscuidad sexual (relacionada con ASND) como para la ruta de la masculinidad hostil (relacionada con AG).…”

Section: Acoso Sexual Y Motivos Subyacentesunclassified

Voy a tocarte toa: preferences for sexist music and sexist attitudes predict unwanted sexual attention harassment (Voy a tocarte toa: las preferencias para la música sexista y las actitudes sexistas predicen atención sexual no deseada)

Saldarriaga

Richter-Sotero

Bohner

2023

International Journal of Social Psychology: Revista de Psicolog

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The music genres reggaeton and dembow have attained worldwide popularity. Their song lyrics and music videos often display sexually explicit contents, conveying the sexual objectification and degradation of women. To test possible effects of this content on sexually harassing behaviour, Dominican males were randomly assigned to watch reggaeton music videos (n = 34), dembow music videos (n = 31) or no videos (n = 32). Afterwards, two forms of sexually harassing behaviour towards a (computer-simulated) woman, gender harassment and unwanted sexual attention, were assessed using a computer chat paradigm. Participants' short-term mating orientation, hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes, acceptance of modern myths about sexual aggression (AMMSA), music preferences and previous exposure to sexist music were also assessed. Results did not show any effects of the music video manipulation on harassing behaviour but revealed correlational links among music preferences, short-term mating orientation, AMMSA, sexist attitudes and displays of unwanted sexual attention. Results are discussed in relation to previous research on the effects of music and attitudinal predictors of sexual harassment conducted in Europe and the USA. RESUMENLos estilos musicales reggaetón y dembow han alcanzado popularidad mundial. Las letras y videos de sus canciones suelen tener contenido sexual explícito, y transmiten la objetificación y degradación sexual de las mujeres. Para analizar posibles efectos de estos contenidos en la conducta de acoso sexual, se seleccionó aleatoriamente a un grupo de hombres dominicanos para que observaran videos de música reggaetón (n = 34), música dembow (n = 31), o sin exponerlos a ningún video (n = 32). Posteriormente, se evaluaron dos formas de conductas de acoso sexual hacia una mujer (simulación por ordenador), acoso de género, y atención sexual no deseada, utilizando un paradigma de chat por ordenador. También se evaluaron la orientación socio-sexual de emparejamiento a corto plazo de los participantes, las actitudes sexistas hostiles y benevolentes, la aceptación de mitos modernos sobre ARTICLE HISTORY

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Prevalence Rates of Male and Female Sexual Violence Perpetrators in a National Sample of Adolescents

Ybarra

Mitchell

2013

JAMA Pediatr

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IMPORTANCE Sexual violence can emerge in adolescence, yet little is known about youth perpetrators-especially those not involved with the criminal justice system. OBJECTIVE To report national estimates of adolescent sexual violence perpetration and details of the perpetrator experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were collected online in 2010 (wave 4) and 2011 (wave 5) in the national Growing Up With Media study. Participants included 1058 youths aged 14 to 21 years who at baseline read English, lived in the household at least 50% of the time, and had used the Internet in the last 6 months. Recruitment was balanced on youths' biological sex and age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Forced sexual contact, coercive sex, attempted rape, and completed rape. RESULTS Nearly 1 in 10 youths (9%) reported some type of sexual violence perpetration in their lifetime; 4% (10 females and 39 males) reported attempted or completed rape. Sixteen years old was the mode age of first sexual perpetration (n = 18 [40%]). Perpetrators reported greater exposure to violent X-rated content. Almost all perpetrators (98%) who reported age at first perpetration to be 15 years or younger were male, with similar but attenuated results among those who began at ages 16 or 17 years (90%). It is not until ages 18 or 19 years that males (52%) and females (48%) are relatively equally represented as perpetrators. Perhaps related to age at first perpetration, females were more likely to perpetrate against older victims, and males were more likely to perpetrate against younger victims. Youths who started perpetrating earlier were more likely than older youths to get in trouble with caregivers; youths starting older were more likely to indicate that no one found out about the perpetration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Sexual violence perpetration appears to emerge earlier for males than females, perhaps suggesting different developmental trajectories. Links between perpetration and violent sexual media are apparent, suggesting a need to monitor adolescents' consumption of this material. Victim blaming appears to be common, whereas experiencing consequences does not. There is therefore urgent need for school programs that encourage bystander intervention as well as implementation of policies that could enhance the likelihood that perpetrators are identified.

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Using the confluence model of sexual aggression to predict men's conflict with women: A 10-year follow-up study.

Cited by 108 publications

References 64 publications

Empirically Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pathways Programme: An Online Self-Help Intervention for Male Sexual Aggression at UK Universities

Empirically Assessing the Effectiveness of the Pathways Programme: An Online Self-Help Intervention for Male Sexual Aggression at UK Universities

Voy a tocarte toa: preferences for sexist music and sexist attitudes predict unwanted sexual attention harassment (Voy a tocarte toa: las preferencias para la música sexista y las actitudes sexistas predicen atención sexual no deseada)

Prevalence Rates of Male and Female Sexual Violence Perpetrators in a National Sample of Adolescents

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