Using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine voriconazole in patient plasma

Lin, Shih-Yao; Lin, Shu-Wen; Chen, Jhong‐Min; Kuo, Ching‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2010.05.027

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Urea was therefore chosen as our protein denaturant. Triazole antifungal agents are basic drugs, and a E mixture of sodium tetraborate (pH 9.12) and 50 % MeOH as the washing solution during SPE has been demonstrated to provide high recoveries with minimal interferences [32]. The recoveries of itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole tested at 1 μg mL −1 were 85.4±2.7, 96.8±5.4, and 90.9±0.4 % under optimized sample preparation procedures, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An injection at 90 mbar for 3 min was therefore chosen for optimum injection conditions. We previously developed a sweeping-MEKC method to determine voriconazole concentration in patient plasma [32]. The BGE solution was consisted of 40 mM phosphoric acid, 110 mM SDS, and 20 % ACN; the sample solution was consisted of 75 mM phosphoric acid.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Mekc Separation Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ekiert et al recently wrote a comprehensive review regarding the chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques for the analysis of triazole antifungal agents [13]. The most frequently used methods to analyze triazole drug(s) in human biofluids include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection (HPLC-UV) [14][15][16][17][18], highperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [30][31][32][33][34]. The detection sensitivity of HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS methods for triazole analysis were generally around sub-micrograms per milliliter and nanograms per milliliter levels, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crego and coworkers used capillary zone electrophoresis to analyze several antifungal drugs and applied this method to study the metabolism of antifungals [36,37]. Because of their small sample injection volume and the thin diameter of their capillary, the limit of quantification for their method was 3 μg mL −1 , and the Recently, we demonstrated that the sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was effective for determining voriconazole in patient plasma [32]. Sweeping was first described by Quirino and Terabe as an efficient method to improve sensitivity in MEKC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous determination of triazole antifungal drugs in human plasma by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography

et al. 2012

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The number of cases of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has risen significantly in recent years; therefore, this study developed a sensitive and effective sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the simultaneous determination of the three most frequently used triazole antifungal drugs for the treatment of IFIs, which included voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. Due to the diverse lipophilicity of the tested drugs, the analytical conditions that resulted in good resolution between itraconazole and posaconazole caused the peak for voriconazole to split. The splitting phenomenon was resolved by incorporating a high-salt stacking mechanism into the sweeping-MEKC method. The optimum background electrolyte was composed of 25 mM phosphoric acid solution (pH 2.2), 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 13 % acetonitrile, and 13 % tetrahydrofuran. The best peak shape of voriconazole was obtained when the conductivity ratio between the sample matrix and background electrolyte was 2.3. Compared to the conventional MEKC mode, the enhancement factor of the sweeping-MEKC method was 66 for itraconazole, 55 for posaconazole, and 43 for voriconazole. The sweeping-MEKC method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity. The linearity ranges of the method covered the commonly used therapeutic ranges of the three drugs. The developed sweeping-MEKC method was successfully applied to the analysis of clinical samples, thus demonstrating its applicability for clinical use.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimization Of the Mekc Separation Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous determination of triazole antifungal drugs in human plasma by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography

et al. 2012

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“…To overcome these limitations, the application of various preconcentration techniques, including on-column preconcentration and off-line sample pretreatment in CE, have been proven to be highly effective. Due to its simple operation and high enrichment efficiency, sweeping has been widely used for pharmaceutical analysis, such as voriconazole 29 in plasma, TCAs and β-blocker drugs in wastewater 30 and steroid hormones in urine 31 samples. Thus far, several on-column preconcen-tration strategies have been developed, such as stacking, 14,15 sweeping, [16][17][18] dynamic pH junction (DpHJ), 19,20 transient isotachophoresis (t-ITP) 21 and some dual 12,[22][23][24][25] or even triple 26,27 on-column preconcentration strategies, which combine the various aforementioned techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow fiber based liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the sensitive determination of second-generation antidepressants in human fluids

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2015

Analyst

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An effective dual preconcentration method involving off-line hollow fiber liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction (HF-LLLME) and on-line sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (sweeping-MEKC) was proposed for the determination of five second-generation antidepressants, including fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and citalopram. In HF-LLLME, the analytes were extracted from the sample solution into phenetole impregnated in the pores of the hollow fiber and then back-extracted into 10 μL 0.1 mol L(-1) HAc inside the hollow fiber. Then, the acceptor phase was spiked with 2.8 μL isopropanol (IPA) and introduced into CE for sweeping. In the sweeping-MEKC process, five target analytes were separated in less than 15 min with a background electrolyte consisting of 76% (v/v) 50 mmol L(-1) citric acid (pH 2.2) containing 100 mmol L(-1) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 24% (v/v) IPA. The hydrodynamic injection was performed at 50 mbar for 140 s. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.40-1.55 μg L(-1) with enrichment factors of 1897- to 5952-fold for target analytes, with a dynamic linear range of 0.6/5.0-200 μg L(-1). The developed method demonstrated excellent clean-up ability and high enrichment factors and was successfully applied to the analysis of target analytes in human urine and plasma samples.

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Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis

Wen

et al. 2012

Electrophoresis

104

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Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresisCE is gaining great popularity as a well-established separation technique for many fields such as pharmaceutical research, clinical application, environmental monitoring, and food analysis, owing to its high resolving power, rapidity, and small amount of samples and reagents required. However, the sensitivity in CE analysis is still considered as being inferior to that in HPLC analysis. Diverse enrichment methods and techniques have been increasingly developed for overcoming this issue. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in enrichment techniques containing off-line preconcentration (sample preparation) and on-line concentration (sample stacking) to enhancing sensitivity in CE for trace analysis over the last 5 years. Some relatively new cleanup and preconcentration methods involving the use of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, etc., and the continued use and improvement of conventional SPE, have been comprehensively reviewed and proved effective preconcentration alternatives for liquid, semisolid, and solid samples. As for CE on-line stacking, we give an overview of field amplication, sweeping, pH regulation, and transient isotachophoresis, and the coupling of multiple modes. Moreover, some limitations and comparisons related to such methods/techniques are also discussed. Finally, the combined use of various enrichment techniques and some significant attempts are proposed to further promote analytical merits in CE.

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Using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine voriconazole in patient plasma

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Simultaneous determination of triazole antifungal drugs in human plasma by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Simultaneous determination of triazole antifungal drugs in human plasma by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Hollow fiber based liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the sensitive determination of second-generation antidepressants in human fluids

Recent advances in enrichment techniques for trace analysis in capillary electrophoresis

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