Using spatial vibrotactile cues to direct visual attention in driving scenes

Comparison of Driver Brake Reaction Times to Multimodal Rear-end Collision Warnings

“…Tukey comparisons showed all warning modalities produced significantly shorter driver RT than the no-warning condition (visual: q = 4.344; auditory: q = 6.977; tactile: q = 9.808). These findings are consistent with Ho, Tan, and Spence's (2005) findings that any warning was better than no warning. Furthermore, the tactile warning produced significantly shorter driver RT than the visual warning (q = 5.465), suggesting a tactile warning may be superior to visual warnings in rear-end collision situations.…”

“…Previous driving research (e.g., Ho, Reed, & Spence, 2006;Ho, Tan, & Spence, 2005;Tan, Gray, Young, & Traylor, 2003) shows promising findings for in-vehicle tactile warning systems, because tactile stimuli seem to reliably re-direct driver visual attention forward; and for rear-end collision warnings, tactile warnings result in earlier braking responses (than without a warning) and therefore larger safety distances between vehicles.…”

Multisensory numerosity judgments for visual and tactile stimuli

“…In the last few years, a large body of research has addressed the use and design of tactile interfaces for human operators in various applied settings (see, e.g., Ho, Tan, & Spence, 2005;Rochlis & Newman, 2000;Sorkin, 1987;Spence & Driver, 1999;Tan, Gray, Young, & Traylor, 2003;van Erp & van Veen, 2003see Gallace, Tan, & Spence, 2006a, for a recent review). This interest appears to be related, at least in part, to the fact that the visual and auditory modalities may be overloaded in many real-world interface settings (see, e.g., Sorkin, 1987;van Veen & van Erp, 2001), and the tactile modality has been suggested as a valid alternative for presenting relevant information to an interface operator (Hennessy, 1966).…”

Temporal cues derived from statistical patterns can overcome resource limitations in the attentional blink

“…Similarly, validly cueing the location of a future target significantly enhances both perceptual and response-related target processing, whereas the opposite is true for targets presented at unexpected locations (Henderson, 1991;Nakayama & Mackeben, 1989;Posner, 1980;Posner, Snyder, & Davidson, 1980;Yeshurun & Carrasco, 1999). These same patterns of performance carry over to real-world scenarios, such as motor vehicle operation (Engström, Aust, & Vistrom, 2010;Ho, Tan, & Spence, 2005).…”