Using solvent-free approach for preparing innovative biopolymer nanocomposites based on PGS/gelatin

Green synthesis and characterization of poly(glycerol‐azelaic acid) and its nanocomposites for applications in regenerative medicine

“…22 By comparing the spectrum of PGAZ prepolymer with its constituent monomers, for PGAZ prepolymer, a broad band at 3000-3645 cm −1 was stretch vibration absorption of the hydroxyl groups, absorption bands at 2930 and 2850 cm −1 showed the methyl groups, the absorption band at 1730 cm −1 indicated the ester carbonyl groups, and the peak at 1180 cm −1 was assigned to the C O stretching of the ether groups of the PGAZ prepolymer. 22,23 The analysis could declare that PGAZ prepolymer was successfully synthesized. Chemical interactions in polymeric nanocomposites have also been studied, and the findings are shown in Figure 4(b), which indicates the existence of HA nanoparticles in different nanocomposites and their effect on chemical bonds in the fingerprint zone.…”

“…19 Over the past decade, numerous innovative products based on glycerol polyesters have been synthesized that are useful in various fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and reconstructive surgery. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] However, due to almost low-mechanical strength and fast degradation rate in vivo, 27,28 polyesters based on glycerol and ω-carboxy fatty acids commonly cannot independently present desirable properties for lots of biomedical application and tissue engineering purposes. To overcome these limitations and improve demanded properties in biomedical applications like biomimetic mechanical properties, researchers began to copolymerizing these bio-polyesters with other biomaterials or preparing their nanocomposites; it is well known that incorporating inorganic or organic nanofillers within the polymeric matrix can extend the polymer properties and brings distinctive characteristics.…”

“…To overcome these limitations and improve demanded properties in biomedical applications like biomimetic mechanical properties, researchers began to copolymerizing these bio-polyesters with other biomaterials or preparing their nanocomposites; it is well known that incorporating inorganic or organic nanofillers within the polymeric matrix can extend the polymer properties and brings distinctive characteristics. 23,27,[29][30][31] For instance, Aghajan et al studied the poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-based blends and nanocomposites with gelatin, graphene oxide, and clay nanoparticles to tune PGSgelatin characteristics for various applications. 23 Yan et al investigated the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the cross-linking density of PGS nanocomposites.…”

“…23,27,[29][30][31] For instance, Aghajan et al studied the poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-based blends and nanocomposites with gelatin, graphene oxide, and clay nanoparticles to tune PGSgelatin characteristics for various applications. 23 Yan et al investigated the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the cross-linking density of PGS nanocomposites. 29 As well, Patel et al prepared a set of PGS-co-PEG (PEGS) by copolymerizing different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with PGS, in order to enhance hydrophilicity and mechanical stability of PGS.…”

“…Glycerol is known as the simplest triol, which can be found in all‐natural fats and oils; it is a colorless, odorless and viscous hygroscopic liquid (at room temperature) and also considered as an excellent instance of a bio‐based monomer 19 . Over the past decade, numerous innovative products based on glycerol polyesters have been synthesized that are useful in various fields such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and reconstructive surgery 20–26 . However, due to almost low‐mechanical strength and fast degradation rate in vivo, 27,28 polyesters based on glycerol and ω‐carboxy fatty acids commonly cannot independently present desirable properties for lots of biomedical application and tissue engineering purposes.…”