Using SO 2 camera imagery and seismicity to examine degassing and gas accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, May 2010

Nadeau, P. A.; Werner, C. A.; Waite, G. P.; Carn, S. A.; Brewer, I. D.; Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A. J.; Kern, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.005

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In general, short-term changes (e.g. seconds to hours) are normally attributable to shallow gas-related processes, such as rockfall-triggered spattering ) and "gas pistoning" (Swanson et al 1979;Patrick et al , 2014Patrick et al , 2016Nadeau et al 2015). Two episodes of intense spattering occurred on April 10-11, 2014, during deflation and lava level drop (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

2016

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Tracking the level of the lava lake in Halema'uma'u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, is an essential part of monitoring the ongoing eruption and forecasting potentially hazardous changes in activity. We describe a simple automated image processing routine that analyzes continuously-acquired thermal images of the lava lake and measures lava level. The method uses three image segmentation approaches, based on edge detection, short-term change analysis, and composite temperature thresholding, to identify and track the lake margin in the images. These relative measurements from the images are periodically calibrated with laser rangefinder measurements to produce real-time estimates of lake elevation. Continuous, automated tracking of the lava level has been an important tool used by the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 2012 in real-time operational monitoring of the volcano and its hazard potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

2016

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“…The rapid frame rate of the cameras has also enabled corroboration with geophysical datasets at a far higher time resolution than possible previously (e.g., on the order of 1 Hz; [9,11,[15][16][17][18][19]). Combining geophysical and degassing data in this way provides scope for a far more holistic system understanding than a discrete analysis of the individual datasets, as first demonstrated on such time frames using spectroscopic gas flux data [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

et al. 2017

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Recently, we reported on the development of low-cost ultraviolet (UV) cameras, based on the modification of sensors designed for the smartphone market. These units are built around modified Raspberry Pi cameras (PiCams; ≈USD 25), and usable system sensitivity was demonstrated in the UVA and UVB spectral regions, of relevance to a number of application areas. Here, we report on the first deployment of PiCam devices in one such field: UV remote sensing of sulphur dioxide emissions from volcanoes; such data provide important insights into magmatic processes and are applied in hazard assessments. In particular, we report on field trials on Mt. Etna, where the utility of these devices in quantifying volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions was validated. We furthermore performed side-by-side trials of these units against scientific grade cameras, which are currently used in this application, finding that the two systems gave virtually identical flux time series outputs, and that signal-to-noise characteristics of the PiCam units appeared to be more than adequate for volcanological applications. Given the low cost of these sensors, allowing two-filter SO 2 camera systems to be assembled for ≈USD 500, they could be suitable for widespread dissemination in volcanic SO 2 monitoring internationally.

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“…The situation with lava lakes is intriguing, in that rather different degassing trends have been observed from each of the volcanoes targeted to date with high time resolution gas flux observations, e.g., Villarrica, Chile [45], Kīlauea [46], and Erebus [42]. This potentially points to a wide variety of gas flow processes occurring across these systems, which range significantly, both in magmatic viscosities as well as in gas flux magnitudes.…”

Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, a number of studies have noted a relationship between these time series for the Etna, Fuego, and Kīlauea volcanoes, including conduit and lava lake degassing scenarios [20,40,44,46]. In one case, this has involved novel signal processing techniques based on wavelet analysis to isolate commonality in periodicity in pairs of geophysical datastreams [57].…”

Section: Combination Of Uv Camera Degassing Data With Geophysical Datmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

et al. 2017

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Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes than achievable hitherto. To date, this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub-disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at ≈1 Hz, expediting more holistic investigations of volcanic source-process behaviour. Secondly, there has been the combination of surface observations of gas release with fluid dynamic models (numerical, mathematical, and laboratory) for gas flow in conduits, in attempts to link subterranean driving flow processes to surface activity types. There has also been considerable research and development concerning the technique itself, covering error analysis and most recently the adaptation of smartphone sensors for this application, to deliver gas fluxes at a significantly lower instrumental price point than possible previously. At this decadal juncture in the application of UV imaging in volcanology, this article provides an overview of what has been achieved to date as well as a forward look to possible future research directions.

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Using SO 2 camera imagery and seismicity to examine degassing and gas accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, May 2010

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

Automated tracking of lava lake level using thermal images at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

A Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera for Volcanic SO2 Emission Measurements

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

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