Using peeringDB to understand the peering ecosystem

Lodhi, Aemen; Larson, Natalie M.; Dhamdhere, Amogh; Dovrolis, Constantine; claffy, kc

doi:10.1145/2602204.2602208

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A key insight of our approach is that we can extract facility information per routing update through the analysis of BGP communities. Moreover, it is feasible to collect detailed facility maps from various public sources using techniques described in [50,68], thanks to the increasing openness in the sharing of colocation data to support a more flexible peering setup process or even automate it altogether [7,63]. Indeed, today the large majority of peerings are multilateral peerings that do not involve formal contractual agreements [100].…”

Section: Challenges and Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct peering is enabled by third party peering infrastructures (also referred as carrier-neutral peering infrastructures), such as colocation facilities and Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). These infrastructures are increasingly deployed in cities around the globe [50], and their members are growing constantly [61,68] supporting hundreds of thousands of peerings [100].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting Peering Infrastructure Outages in the Wild

Giotsas

Dietzel²,

Smaragdakis

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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Peering infrastructures, namely, colocation facilities and Internet exchange points, are located in every major city, have hundreds of network members, and support hundreds of thousands of interconnections around the globe. These infrastructures are well provisioned and managed, but outages have to be expected, e.g., due to power failures, human errors, attacks, and natural disasters. However, little is known about the frequency and impact of outages at these critical infrastructures with high peering concentration.In this paper, we develop a novel and lightweight methodology for detecting peering infrastructure outages. Our methodology relies on the observation that BGP communities, announced with routing updates, are an excellent and yet unexplored source of information allowing us to pinpoint outage locations with high accuracy. We build and operate a system that can locate the epicenter of infrastructure outages at the level of a building and track the reaction of networks in near real-time. Our analysis unveils four times as many outages as compared to those publicly reported over the past five years. Moreover, we show that such outages have significant impact on remote networks and peering infrastructures. Our study provides a unique view of the Internet's behavior under stress that often goes unreported.

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Section: Challenges and Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Peering Infrastructure Outages in the Wild

Giotsas

Dietzel²,

Smaragdakis

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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“…Lodhi et al [26] recent work on data mining PeeringDB, one of the few public sources of information about peering that consists of an online tool where Internet members contribute by inserting information regarding its policies, traffic amount, and geographic location. In this study the authors found consistent correlations between PeeringDB data compared to measurements from BGP prefixes advertised in the Internet.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…traceroute), and (iii) BGP tables available in route servers [1,5,15,16,25,26,34]. IXPs have become attractive research targets because they represent a microcosm of Internet diversity [7], serving a variety of members such as ISPs of different nature, content providers, as well as public and private organizations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Largest National Ecosystem of Public Internet eXchange Points: The Case of Brazil

Brito

Santos

Fontes

et al. 2016

JCIS

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Abstract-Internet eXchange Points (IXP) have become an increasing research target when aiming at understanding the complex and evolving Internet ecosystem. IXPs are shared infrastructures where Autonomous Systems (AS) implement peering agreements for their traffic exchange and thus represent an interesting microcosm of the Internet diversity and a strategic vantage point to deliver end-user services.In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis of the largest set of public IXPs in a single country, namely the case of Brazil. The Brazilian public peering ecosystem counts with over 25 IXPs maintained by an overarching project called IX.br following a non-profit business model that facilitates multilateral agreements. The nation-wide peering initiative provides an appealing environment for innovation and fostering IP connectivity market practices. Without IX.br, access providers are limited in terms of coverage, performance, cost, and dependence on transit providers. The open and incentive-rich IXP approach can be regarded as an interesting development that may inspire other development countries as well as more established regional markets. Based on BGP data from all looking glass servers in IX.br, we provide insights into the peering ecosystem per IXP and from a nation-wide perspective by inspecting properties of the connectivity graphs and the IPv4 and IPv6 prefix distribution. We propose peering affinity as a metric well-suited to measure the connectivity between different types of ASes and overall found lower peering density in IX.br when compared to more mature ecosystems, such as AMS-IX, DE-CIX, LINX, and MSK-IX. When dissecting AS-level graphs we also observe the formation of IXP-enabled k-clique communities. As a final contribution, we have shared our 16 GB dataset along all supporting code to allow for new research studies by the community.

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“…Content providers typically adopt an open peering strategy to assess potential peering relationships [3,43,48]. Under the open peering strategy, content providers are willing to peer with any AS that requests a peering relationship.…”

Section: Content Providersmentioning

confidence: 99%