Using Over-Claiming Technique to probe social desirability ratings of personality items: A validity examination

Kam, Chester Chun Seng; Risavy, Stephen D.; Perunovic, W. Q. Elaine

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.017

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Even though overclaiming occurred in our sample, the OCI failed to account for self-other discrepancies for any considered personality dimension. Thus, the results are in line with research suggesting that overclaiming does not seem to be an adequate measure of self-favoring response bias (Dunlop et al, 2017;Kam et al, 2015). Instead, overclaiming was positively associated with self-rated openness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…IM scales and the OCT share the purpose of measuring selffavoring response biases. Given the present criticism of such measures (Kam et al, 2015;Uziel, 2010;Zettler et al, 2015), we argued that a valid measure of self-favoring response bias should account for discrepancies between self-and other-ratings of personality. To test this assumption, we let well-acquainted dyads rate both their own and their dyad partner's personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, the OCT increased the validity of achievement striving as a facet of Big Five conscientiousness for predicting the grade-point average as a measure of academic performance (Bing, Kluemper, Davison, Taylor, & Novicevic, 2011) and distinguished between faked and genuine interviews about attitudes, behavior, and personality (Kemper & Menold, 2014). However, the OCT does not seem to be capable of predicting social desirability ratings of personality items (Kam, Risavy, & Perunovic, 2015). Overclaiming has also been found to be associated with indicators of careless responding (Barber, Barnes, & Carlson, 2013;Ludeke & Makransky, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling for Response Bias in Self-Ratings of Personality: A Comparison of Impression Management Scales and the Overclaiming Technique

Müller¹,

Moshagen²

2018

Journal of Personality Assessment

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Self-serving response distortions pose a threat to the validity of personality scales. A common approach to deal with this issue is to rely on impression management (IM) scales. More recently, the overclaiming technique (OCT) has been proposed as an alternative and arguably superior measure of such biases. In this study (N = 162), we tested these approaches in the context of self- and other-ratings using the HEXACO personality inventory. To the extent that the OCT and IM scales can be considered valid measures of response distortions, they are expected to account for inflated self-ratings in particular for those personality dimensions that are prone to socially desirable responding. However, the results show that neither the OCT nor IM account for overly favorable self-ratings. The validity of IM as a measure of response biases was further scrutinized by a substantial correlation with other-rated honesty-humility. As such, this study questions the use of both the OCT and IM to assess self-serving response distortions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling for Response Bias in Self-Ratings of Personality: A Comparison of Impression Management Scales and the Overclaiming Technique

Müller¹,

Moshagen²

2018

Journal of Personality Assessment

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“…The first perspective pictures overclaiming as a self-enhancement motivation (Paulhus et al, 2003), that is, describing oneself (deliberately) in a more positive manner. The urge to fake good (Ziegler, 2011) and therefore positively misrepresent oneself might be one of the possible explanations for self-enhancement (Bing et al, 2011;Feeney & Goffin, 2015;Kam et al, 2015), as well as the personality factor of honesty-humility. From this perspective, a person claims to have knowledge that they actually do not have (Paulhus, 1984;Paulhus & Reid, 1991) to appear more positive.…”

Section: Overclaiming As a Self-enhancement Tendencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of which perspective one adopts, many studies placed overclaiming into a broader nomological network including faking and cheating (Bing et al, 2011;Feeney & Goffin, 2015;Kam et al, 2015;Steger et al, 2019a), fluid and crystallized intelligence Paulhus & Harms, 2004), and the narcissism facet of dark personality (Grosz et al, 2017;Paulhus et al, 2003;Williams et al, 2002). Although overclaiming questionnaires are a frequently used instrument in several disciplines of psychology, our understanding of their underlying nature is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing competing claims about overclaiming

et al. 2020

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Overclaiming has been described as people's tendency to overestimate their cognitive abilities in general and their knowledge in particular. We discuss four different perspectives on the phenomenon of overclaiming that have been proposed in the research literature: Overclaiming as a result of a) self-enhancement tendencies, b) as a cognitive bias (e.g., hindsight bias, memory bias), c) as proxy for cognitive abilities, and d) as sign of creative engagement. Moreover, we discuss two different scoring methods for an OCQ (signal detection theory vs. familiarity ratings). To distinguish between the different viewpoints of what overclaiming is, we juxtaposed overclaiming, as indicated by claiming familiarity with non-existent terms, with fluid and crystallized intelligence, self-reported knowledge, creativity, faking ability, and personality. Overclaiming was measured with a newly comprised overclaiming questionnaire. Results of several latent variable analyses based upon a multivariate study with 298 participants were: First, overclaiming is neither predicted by honesty-humility nor faking ability and therefore reflects something different than mere self-enhancement tendencies. Second, overclaiming is not predicted by crystallized intelligence, but is highly predictive of self-reported knowledge and, thus, not suitable as an index or a proxy for cognitive abilities. Finally, overclaiming is neither related to divergent thinking and originality, and only moderately predicted by self-reported openness creativity from the HEXACO which means that overclaiming does not reflect creative ability. In sum, our results favor an interpretation of overclaiming as a phenomenon that requires more than self-enhancement motivation, in contrast to the claim that was initially proposed in the literature.

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Is social desirability bias important for effective ethics research? A review of literature

Tan

Teoh

et al. 2021

Asian J Bus Ethics

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Using Over-Claiming Technique to probe social desirability ratings of personality items: A validity examination

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Controlling for Response Bias in Self-Ratings of Personality: A Comparison of Impression Management Scales and the Overclaiming Technique

Controlling for Response Bias in Self-Ratings of Personality: A Comparison of Impression Management Scales and the Overclaiming Technique

Testing competing claims about overclaiming

Is social desirability bias important for effective ethics research? A review of literature

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