Using nanostructured conductive carbon tape modified with bismuth as the disposable working electrode for stripping analysis in paper-based analytical devices

Integrated paper-based electroanalytical devices for determination of dopamine extracted from striatum of rat

“…As shown in Scheme 1A, the fabrication of integrated paperbased electroanalytical devices was similar to our previous work [24]. Briefly, a piece of ITO glass (25 mm long and 7 mm wide) was washed for 15 min with acetone, ethanol and water, successively.…”

“…Besides, PADs effectively combined the advantages (passive transport of fluid via capillary wicking, compatibility with biological samples, wide variety of functional group to immobilize protein, disposability, portability, low-cost and easy-fabrication) of cellulose-based paper with conventional and complex electroanalytical sensors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. To date, analytical methods, such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) [17,18], photoelectrochemistry [19,20], chemiluminescence [9], colorimetry [21] and electrochemistry [22][23][24], have been integrated with PADs. Owing to its fast analysis, high sensitivity, good selectivity, mature instrumentation and operation, electrochemistry is particularly attractive for PADs [23].…”

“…Although screen-printed electrodes have been commercialized and extensively applied, their prices are still higher. By comparison, the price of the carbon tape electrode could be as low as several cents each for the material, which makes it attractive for fabrication of disposable electrodes [24,27]. In addition, the plat form and nanostructure of carbon tape electrodes allowed their modification more conveniently.…”

Bismuth doped carbon xerogel nanocomposite incorporated in chitosan matrix for ultrasensitive voltammetric detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II)

“…However, the above mentioned substrates, especially the conventional ones, exhibit important drawbacks such as low active surface, easy inactivation or expensiveness. The second aspect, affecting strongly the size and the activity of the sensor working surface, is related to the method used for the Bi deposition on the substrate: (i) "ex-situ" plating or preplated material [24,27,28], (ii) "in-situ" plating [5,17,25,27,29,30], (iii) "bulk" method [16,18,27].…”

Disposable paper-based bipolar electrode array for multiplexed electrochemiluminescence detection of pathogenic DNAs

“…These systems combine the advantages of disposability, biocompatibility, flexibility, portability and being economic as paper-based device with complex function and multiplexed analysis of conventional lab-on-chip devices for analyte detection [4][5][6][7][8]. To date, a number of different analytical methods, including fluorescence, photoelectrochemistry, chemiluminescence, ECL and electrochemistry have been used on PADs [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In these developed biosensors, the ECL biosensors on PADs have many distinct advantages, such as low background signal, wide range of analytes, high sensitivity and simplified optical setup [16,17].…”