Survivability in the geographically distributed backbone multi-domain optical networks (MDONs) is critical because of issues related to its size, usage of resources, and domain management policies of the comprising domains. In MDONs, the emerging scheduled traffic is increasingly multivendor, multimedia, and periodic. It is high during the office (working) hours and low during the non-office (non-working) hours in a day. A connection failure during the office hours may result in huge amount of information being lost. Towards providing an acceptable level of service even when a connection fails, we first provide traffic balancing (TB) based solutions where the intra/inter-domain traffic is slided (S1-TB), shifted (S2-TB), or slided as well as shifted (S3-TB) based on the service level agreement between the client and domain service provider. Of the above solutions, the solution based on sliding as well as shifting (S3-TB) performs best, and hence for further improvement in S3-TB, we incorporate backup multiplexing with advance backup resource reservation (BRR) and evaluate the performance of the strategy and report results. The performance evaluation of the above strategies is compared with the existing extended path shared protection (EPSP) by a simulator developed in MATLAB and tested on three-domain and five-domain standard network topologies, on the metrics of blocking probability, network resource utilization ratio, network capacity utilized by backup route, wavelength link used per backup lightpath, and a newly introduced metric, network resource utilization index. As compared with the existing strategy EPSP, the S3-TB and S3-TB with BRR showed improved performance on all the metrics. branch office to the head office, and scientific data movement at some specific time and duration or the unspecified time and specified duration. [1][2][3][4][5] In literature, the time specific traffic is known as scheduled traffic (ST). 6 The ST connection request is of three types such as scheduled lightpath demands (SLDs), 7-9 sliding SLDs (SSLDs), 10,11 and delay tolerant (DT) traffic demands/requests. 4,5 If the setup and tear-down time of connection requests is fixed and known a priori, it can be referred as SLDs. If the starting and ending time of window within which a demand is to be scheduled is known, the traffic can be referred to as SSLDs, whereas the connection requests which allow some tolerable delay comprise the DT traffic. The SLDs raise new challenges and opportunities in MDONs due to domain diversity, lack of global information (such as network topology, routing, and resource availability), wavelength continuity, time clashing (overlapping), and time-disjoint constraints. To serve the SLDs, time-aware routing and signaling is essential. This time-aware routing and signaling is managed and controlled by switching network and control plane such as automatically switched optical network 12,13 and generalized multiprotocol label switching. 14-16 The automatically switched optical networks and generalized multipr...
