Using infrared thermography to detect subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in compost barn systems

Machado, Nítalo André Farias; Costa, L.B.S.; Filho, José Antônio Delfino Barbosa; Oliveira, Kenio Patrício Lima de; Sampaio, Lucas Correia de; Peixoto, Maria Simone Mendes; Damasceno, Flávio Alves

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102881

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, but from an anatomical perspective, differences between these species must be considered when examining IRT images since the river buffalo's mammary tissue has more prominent suspensory ligaments and longer keratinized teats [30,75]. Some studies of river buffaloes have questioned the use of this region for detecting mastitis because, according to Machado et al [70], radiometric thermal images of the left and right regions of the rear udder present higher correlations with somatic cell counts compared to anterior sections. In addition, their findings revealed a difference between evaluations of the posterior and anterior udder regions that reduce the reliability of this window.…”

Section: Udder Region (Regio Uberis) and Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies of river buffaloes have questioned the use of this region for detecting mastitis because, according to Machado et al [ 70 ], radiometric thermal images of the left and right regions of the rear udder present higher correlations with somatic cell counts compared to anterior sections. In addition, their findings revealed a difference between evaluations of the posterior and anterior udder regions that reduce the reliability of this window.…”

Section: Udder Region ( Regio Uberis ) and Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Used in Infrared Thermography in Cattle and River Buffalo to Assess Health and Productivity

Mota-Rojas

Pereira

Wang

et al. 2021

Animals

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Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-ionizing, non-invasive technique that permits evaluating the comfort levels of animals, a topic of concern due to the growing interest in determining the state of health and welfare of production animals. The operating principle of IRT is detecting the heat irradiated in anatomical regions characterized by a high density of near-surface blood vessels that can regulate temperature gain or loss from/to the environment by modifying blood flow. This is essential for understanding the various vascular thermoregulation mechanisms of different species, such as rodents and ruminants’ tails. The usefulness of ocular, nasal, and vulvar thermal windows in the orbital (regio orbitalis), nasal (regio nasalis), and urogenital (regio urogenitalis) regions, respectively, has been demonstrated in cattle. However, recent evidence for the river buffalo has detected discrepancies in the data gathered from distinct thermal regions in these large ruminants, suggesting a limited sensitivity and specificity when used with this species due to various factors: the presence of hair, ambient temperature, and anatomical features, such as skin thickness and variations in blood supplies to different regions. In this review, a literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, using keyword combinations that included “infrared thermography”, “water buffalo”, “river buffalo” “thermoregulation”, “microvascular changes”, “lacrimal caruncle”, “udder”, “mastitis”, and “nostril”. We discuss recent findings on four thermal windows—the orbital and nasal regions, mammary gland in the udder region (regio uberis), and vulvar in the urogenital region (regio urogenitalis)—to elucidate the factors that modulate and intervene in validating thermal windows and interpreting the information they provide, as it relates to the clinical usefulness of IRT for cattle (Bos) and the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

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Section: Udder Region (Regio Uberis) and Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Udder Region ( Regio Uberis ) and Mammary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Used in Infrared Thermography in Cattle and River Buffalo to Assess Health and Productivity

Mota-Rojas

Pereira

Wang

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Body temperature was obtained by thermal imaging from a thermographic camera (TiS10, Fluke, 4,800 pixels resolution), by adjusting the environmental temperature at the time of image recording, and emissivity of biological tissues ɛ = 0.98 (Machado et al, 2021b). Thermal images were obtained with a fixed distance of 0.50 m between the animal and the observer (Soerensen et al, 2014), analyzed by SmartView 4.3 software.…”

Section: Physiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trailer Heat Zones and Their Relation to Heat Stress in Pig Transport

Machado

Barbosa-Filho²,

Ramalho

et al. 2021

Eng. Agríc.

Self Cite

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This study evaluates the dynamics of heat zones in the load and its relationship with the stress of pigs during transport. Four journeys of 170 km were monitored, recording the physiological variables of 192 animals (48 per journey), namely rectal temperature (RT), body temperature (BT), respiratory rate (RR), blood lactate concentrations and salivary cortisol. Heat zones and ventilation patterns were characterized by the spatial variability of the enthalpy and the Computational Fluid Dynamics of the load. The formation of a thermal core was observed in the frontal region of the load, which extended through the lower (LD) and upper (UD) decks. Pigs transported in the LD had higher means of RR (UD = 89 and LD = 94 breaths/min), and salivary cortisol (UD = 33.84 and LD = 34.92 ng/mL). The pigs transported in the UD presented the highest mean BT (UD = 38.9 and LD = 38.1 °C) and lactate (UD = 61.63 and LD = 58.26 mg/dL). Pigs transported in the LD of the load were more susceptible to thermal stress, while pigs transported in the UD showed greater physical stress and muscle exhaustion.

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“…However, when the normal physiological state of animals is altered, such as the occurrence of early diseases, stress, estrus, or pregnancy, the thermal balance of animals is disrupted, and the body surface temperature of the animal would change dramatically [ 62 ]. Infrared imaging technology can quickly capture the temperature changes between the animal body surface and core areas and temperature differences between natural and pathological physiological conditions, which is the basis of early diagnosis [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. In recent years, infrared thermography has been increasingly used in animal production [ 66 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Irt Imaging Technology In Animal Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Infrared Imaging Technology in Animal Production: A Review

Zheng

Zhou

Jiang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Infrared thermography (IRT) imaging technology, as a convenient, efficient, and contactless temperature measurement technology, has been widely applied to animal production. In this review, we systematically summarized the principles and influencing parameters of IRT imaging technology. In addition, we also summed up recent advances of IRT imaging technology in monitoring the temperature of animal surfaces and core anatomical areas, diagnosing early disease and inflammation, monitoring animal stress levels, identifying estrus and ovulation, and diagnosing pregnancy and animal welfare. Finally, we made prospective forecast for future research directions, offering more theoretical references for related research in this field.

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Using infrared thermography to detect subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in compost barn systems

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Clinical Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Used in Infrared Thermography in Cattle and River Buffalo to Assess Health and Productivity

Clinical Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Used in Infrared Thermography in Cattle and River Buffalo to Assess Health and Productivity

Trailer Heat Zones and Their Relation to Heat Stress in Pig Transport

Progress on Infrared Imaging Technology in Animal Production: A Review

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