Using Informal Conversations in Qualitative Research

Swain, Jon; King, Brendan

doi:10.1177/16094069221085056

Cited by 101 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…After the interviews, several of the practitioners expressed that they thought it had been useful to participate in the interviews and that they enjoyed the way I had set it up because it was easier for them to shape the interview so that it brought up what was relevant for them. Swain and King (2022) argue in an article on informal conversations in qualitative research that this approach might create more ease of communication and therefore be advantageous for the quality of the conversation. They distinguish informal conversations from unstructured interviews, as the latter is planned.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On a Mission to Break Ground for a More Democratic School System

Grevle

2023

NJCIE

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The importance of building democratic competency in the face of current global challenges cascades down into national curricula. Illustratively, in 2020, Norway introduced a new national curriculum that conveyed an expectation that students should experience a democratic school society in practice. In response to this new curriculum, in 2019, an upper secondary school in Norway decided to embark on a mission to develop and implement a new pedagogical model. The ambition was to increase the students’ sense of codetermination and participation in school, the local community, and society at large. Subsequently, an interdisciplinary pedagogical model has been in development at the school, in which the subject content is organized according to overarching topics. These topics are presented to students as quests called learning missions. Through in-depth interviews with teachers and leaders currently working on developing the new pedagogical method at the school, the current article investigates the challenges and opportunities the participants encountered in this process. The data have been coded through a stepwise deductive-induction method and analyzed using Bernstein’s concepts of classification and frame. The participants identified the inflexible organizational structures of the school—such as the school administrative system, the building, assessments, and the set timetable—as aspects that made it challenging for the school to depart from the dissemination-based approach to education. Inversely, the implementation of interdisciplinary topics in the Norwegian National Curriculum is one example of a structural change that the participants thought had opened up more flexibility. However, the participants experienced that this flexibility was not extended into the regulations controlling how time is spent in school or the assessment forms. Hence the article concludes that structural changes are necessary to enable the growth of pedagogical models that can increase students’ codetermination, active participation, and real-life experiences in schools.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They distinguish informal conversations from unstructured interviews, as the latter is planned. (Swain & King, 2022). In the current study I have, therefore, unstructured interviews and incorporated elements from informal conversations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On a Mission to Break Ground for a More Democratic School System

Grevle

2023

NJCIE

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“…During the initial stages of fieldwork, we will conduct informal conversations with participants in this research project and with workers in the healthcare and employment departments of the Junta de Extremadura. These conversations will allow us to identify and adjust the categories of analysis and refine the observation and interview protocols (Swain & King, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment Inclusion Policies and Evidence-Based Policy: Incorporating “Qualitative Significance” Into a Mixed-Methods Study Protocol

Avendaño

Caballero

Jiménez

et al. 2022

International Journal of Qualitative Methods

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Despite the advice given in evidence-based policy guidelines, intervention programmes incorporating effectiveness assessments are still rare in the Spanish context. To emphasise the potential of qualitative data for impact assessment, this study presents a mixed-methods study protocol evaluating the impact of European Union intervention programmes aimed at improving employability for women at risk of poverty and social exclusion. The protocol for impact assessment is based on a randomised clinical trial of three intervention groups – women with assistance in the social and employment sphere; with healthcare assistance; or with a personalised plan combining both – and a control group, applying validated, standardised scales at three key points during a 12-month period. The protocol also incorporates qualitative techniques to gather thick descriptions of the participants experiences. This proposal underscores the importance of producing qualitative empirical materials – not just as a complementary feature or to illustrate statistical results, but because they allow breaking traditional paradigms and incorporating “qualitative significance” as a tool for effectiveness assessment. The impact assessment of interventions is presented in terms of numerical correlations as well as findings derived from the processes of understanding embedded in the participants’ life narratives.

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“…Görüşmenin hem ön hazırlık sürecinde hem de mülakatlar boyunca görüşmeci katılımcıların "bilinçli onayını almak, özel hayatlarına saygı duymak, katılımcılara zarar vermemek ve onları yanıltmamak" gibi etik ilkelere dikkat etmenin yanı sıra (Yıldırım ve Şimşek, 2016, s. 108) nezaketli bir dil ve üsluba özen göstermelidir (Creswell, 2018, s. 166). Bazı araştırmacılar gündelik dilde sohbet havasındaki görüşmelerin avantajına dikkat çeker (Josselson, 2013;Swain ve King, 2022). Ancak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde özellikle başlangıçta formal bir dil ve üslubun daha faydalı olacağını vurgulayanlar da vardır (Seidman, 2006, s. 97).…”

Section: öN Hazırlık: Görüşme Sorularının Hazırlanmasıunclassified

Nitel Araştırmalarda Yarı-Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Soruları: Soru Form ve Türleri, Nitelikler ve Sıralama

POLAT

2022

Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

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Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemlerine dayalı çalışmalar gittikçe artmaktadır. Farklı disiplin ve alanlarda yapılan nitel çalışmalarda en sık kullanılan veri toplama araçlardan biri mülakat, özellikle de yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerdir. Makalede öncelikle nitel araştırma ve görüşmeye yönelik temel felsefi ve teorik tartışmalara değinilmektedir. Görüşmenin veri toplamaya yönelik bir araç ancak aynı zamanda görüşmeci ve katılımcı arasında sosyal etkileşime dayalı bir anlam inşa etme süreci oluşu ele alınmaktadır. Türkçe görüşme/mülakat, görüşmeci ve katılımcı sözcüklerinin barındırdığı dilsel kısıt ve olanak tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırmaya yönelik önde gelen akademik kaynaklar kapsamında yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde soruların içerik ve özelliklerine dair bir kılavuz sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma ve görüşme sorusunun ayrıştırılması, sınırlı sayıda temel soru ardından sonda ve takip soruları yöneltilmesi, tek katmanlı ve odaklı sorular oluşturulması, soruların anlaşılır ve yanıtlanabilir kılınması, önceden belirlenmiş kategoriler içermeyen açık uçlu sorular hazırlanması ve analitik, çıkarımsal veya yargılayıcı sorulardan sakınılması detaylıca açıklanmıştır. Araştırmacıların görüşmede kullanıp uygulayabilecekleri çeşitli soru form ve türleri şemalarla gösterilmiştir. Yarı-yapılandırılmış bir görüşmede soruların sıralanmasına ilişkin mantıksal ve anlatısal bütünlük içeren, kolaydan zora giden ve başlangıç ve geçiş ifadeleriyle anlatıyı kolaylaştıracak bir düzenlemenin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde “iyi” sorular yöneltebilmeye özgü tek bir altın kural olmamakla beraber makalede değinilen teorik tartışma ve pratiğe yönelik somut öneri ve örneklerin görüşme yapacak araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

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Using Informal Conversations in Qualitative Research

Cited by 101 publications

References 28 publications

On a Mission to Break Ground for a More Democratic School System

On a Mission to Break Ground for a More Democratic School System

Employment Inclusion Policies and Evidence-Based Policy: Incorporating “Qualitative Significance” Into a Mixed-Methods Study Protocol

Nitel Araştırmalarda Yarı-Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Soruları: Soru Form ve Türleri, Nitelikler ve Sıralama

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