Using Indicators of Multiple Deprivation to Demonstrate the Spatial Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa

Noble, Michael; Wright, Gemma

doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0047-3

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Noble et al (2006), using the Census 2001 data, derived five indices (one from each deprivation domain: income, employment, education, health and living environment) by province, before aggregating these indices (20% equal weight to each index) into a provincial index of multiple deprivation with the aid of standardisation and exponential distribution (refer to Noble et al (2006:29-31) for detailed explanation) to identify the most deprived municipalities. The later studies by Noble et al (2010) as well as Noble & Wright (2013), using the same data, adopted a similar approach to derive the index of multiple deprivation, but the former study focused on the Eastern Cape while the latter study examined the former homeland areas. Noble et al (2006Noble et al ( , 2010, Noble & Wright (2013), Burger et al (2017), Mushongera et al (2017) and StatsSA (2014StatsSA ( , 2017 are rare studies that examined multidimensional poverty by smaller geographical areas.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The later studies by Noble et al (2010) as well as Noble & Wright (2013), using the same data, adopted a similar approach to derive the index of multiple deprivation, but the former study focused on the Eastern Cape while the latter study examined the former homeland areas. Noble et al (2006Noble et al ( , 2010, Noble & Wright (2013), Burger et al (2017), Mushongera et al (2017) and StatsSA (2014StatsSA ( , 2017 are rare studies that examined multidimensional poverty by smaller geographical areas. Of these studies, StatsSA (2014) and Burger et al (2017) derived multidimensional poverty trends over time.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001–16

Fransman

2018

Development Southern Africa

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This study uses the Census 2001 and 2011 as well as Community Survey 2007 and 2016 data to derive a multidimensional poverty index in South Africa for each year, before assessing the changes in non-money-metric, multidimensional poverty over time. Both the incidence and intensity of multidimensional poverty decreased continuously, and these declines were more rapid than that of money-metric poverty. The decrease in multidimensional poverty between 2001 and 2016 was most rapid for female Africans residing in rural areas in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. Multidimensional poverty was most serious in numerous district councils in these two provinces, despite the fact that poverty decline was also most rapid in these district councils. The results of the multidimensional poverty index decomposition indicated that Africans contributed more than 95% to multidimensional poverty, while unemployment, years of schooling and disability were the three indicators contributing most to poverty.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001–16

Fransman

2018

Development Southern Africa

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“…There is consensus that poverty is highly concentrated in rural areas amongst black communities for varying reasons, ranging from South Africa's history of land dispossession and migratory labour patterns, to the inability to use productive assets since some households in these areas spend time on activities like fetching water from afar (Carter & May, 1999;Aliber, 2003;Noble & Wright, 2012).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The threshold effects of household indebtedness on multidimensional poverty

Ntsalaze

Ikhide

2017

IJSE

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DeclarationBy submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification.This dissertation includes two published and one accepted but not yet published original papers in peer-reviewed international journals. The fourth paper representing chapter eight is ready for submission for peer review. The development and writing of the papers (published and unpublished) were the principal responsibility of myself and, for each of the cases where this is not the case, a declaration is included in the dissertation indicating the nature and extent of the contributions of co-authors. AbstractGlobal household indebtedness has reached unprecedented levels over the past few decades.The household sector has had to cope with significant losses in income and wealth as well as the burden of debt service since the beginning of the financial crisis. Research focus on this phenomenon, together with its social implications, has grown. This study uses the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) data to empirically investigate the effects of household debt on multidimensional poverty. This was achieved through four independent research papers meant to address different angles of the subject. Chapter 5 provides a snapshot of the prevalence of over-indebtedness, using various international indicators and the National Credit Regulator (NCR) indicator, and describes which households are over-indebted. A total of eight percent of South African households are overindebted, and 61.4 percent of those households are found in the lowest income category (R0 -R2 000), spending more than 45 percent of their household income on debt repayments, which is beyond levels that are considered sustainable. The alarming revelation is that, according to the unsecured debt indicator, 15.2 percent of households are over-indebted, while 11 percent of households are driven below the relative income poverty line after making debt repayments. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za 3The racial distribution indicates that households headed by Africans are overrepresented (79%).Most over-indebted households are found amongst those who own their places of residence (78.6%), do not receive government grants (71.7%), are male (53.8%), and have an unemployed household head (53.5%).Chapter 6 examines the presence of thresholds in the debt-poverty nexus at micro level, i.e. the tipping point above which debt is associated with more multidimensional poverty. By applying the Generalised Additive Model (GAM) using regression splines, the study finds the existence of critical tipping points between household debt service-to-income ratio and multidimensional poverty along with other explanatory variables (age...

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“…). Accordingly, the poorest provinces are those that encompass the largest of the former homeland areas: Eastern Cape, Limpopo and KwaZulu‐Natal (Aliber ), with the former homelands accounting for 43 per cent of South Africa's population (Nobel and Wright ). Despite this, urban migration has reduced the relative proportion of the poor who live in the countryside.…”

Section: Impoverished Rural Livelihoods In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Livelihoods inSouthAfrica: Complexity, Vulnerability and Differentiation

Neves

Toit

2012

Journal of Agrarian Change

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The livelihoods of South Africa's rural African poor have long been characterized by diverse activities, and intertwined with urban opportunities. This paper examines the interlinked nature of land, employment and rural livelihoods within contemporary South Africa, in order to examine aspects of how the rural poor survive. Drawing on a body of livelihood and poverty-oriented enquiry, several vignettes from South Africa's former 'homeland' communal areas are presented and discussed. Contemporary rural livelihoods are not only located in migratory networks and diverse livelihood activities, they are considered here as constituted in terms of four broad domains. First, they are forged within various land-based and agrarian activities. Second, they are often supported by small-scale, informal economic activities, both farm and non-farm. Third, they are frequently shaped by South Africa's comparatively well-developed system of state cash transfers and, fourth, they are patterned by culturally inscribed patterns of mutuality and social reciprocity. The complexity and vulnerability that typically characterize rural lives are examined in terms of these four domains, along with constellations of social differentiation with which they are intertwined. IntroductionThis paper draws on a body of livelihood and poverty enquiry to examine the livelihoods of South Africa's rural African poor. It seeks to help answer the question: how do South Africa's rural poor survive? Examining the interconnections among land, rural livelihoods and employment, the paper suggests that the answers to this question are, broadly, to be found in repertoires of productive activity (including agrarian activities) along with receipt of transfers, both public and private. These sources of livelihood-making are furthermore intertwined with widespread practices of mobility, which effectively connect rural dwellers to often distant locales and resources. The paper examines these sources of livelihood-making, the complexity and vulnerability that typically mark rural livelihoods, along with the constellations of social differentiation that these simultaneously reflect and reinforce.

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Using Indicators of Multiple Deprivation to Demonstrate the Spatial Legacy of Apartheid in South Africa

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001–16

Multidimensional poverty in South Africa in 2001–16

The threshold effects of household indebtedness on multidimensional poverty

Rural Livelihoods inSouthAfrica: Complexity, Vulnerability and Differentiation

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