Using graphene networks to build bioinspired self-monitoring ceramics

Picot, Olivier T.; Rocha, Victoria García; Ferraro, Claudio; Ni, Na; D’Elia, Eleonora; Meille, Sylvain; Chevalier, Jérôme; Saunders, Theo; Peijs, Ton; Reece, Mike; Saiz, Eduardo

doi:10.1038/ncomms14425

Cited by 112 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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Section: Freeze Casting For Assembling Different Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C-G) Reproduced with permission. [49] Copyright 2017, Nature Publishing Group. www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com laminated architecture promotes microcracking, and the typical crack deflection is easily identified in the propagating crack shown in Figure 5E.…”

Section: Nanosheets For Assembling Nacre-inspired Materials By Freezementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Picot et al [49] infiltrated poly(methylsiloxane), a preceramic polymer, into a graphene-based scaffold assembled by the freeze-casting technique. After heating up to 1000 °C, the siloxane polymers were converted into a silicon oxycarbide glass, resulting in the shrinkage of the graphene-based scaffolds.…”

Section: Nanosheets For Assembling Nacre-inspired Materials By Freezementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28,47] Recently, nanosheets (including graphene oxide) were also successfully assembled into a layered laminar structure. [48][49][50] As the ice grows, it expels the nanoparticles (B), macromolecules (C), and nanosheets (D) that accumulate in the space between ice crystals. A lamellar structure, where the pores are a direct replica of the ice crystals, is obtained.…”

Section: Freeze Casting For Assembling Different Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

2017

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Nature is very successful in designing strong and tough, lightweight materials. Examples include seashells, bone, teeth, fish scales, wood, bamboo, silk, and many others. A distinctive feature of all these materials is that their properties are far superior to those of their constituent phases. Many of these natural materials are lamellar or layered in nature. With its “brick and mortar” structure, nacre is an example of a layered material that exhibits extraordinary physical properties. Finding inspiration in living organisms to create bioinspired materials is the subject of intensive research. Several processing techniques have been proposed to design materials mimicking natural materials, such as layer‐by‐layer deposition, self‐assembly, electrophoretic deposition, hydrogel casting, doctor blading, and many others. Freeze casting, also known as ice‐templating, is a technique that has received considerable attention in recent years to produce bioinspired bulk materials. Here, recent advances in the freeze‐casting technique are reviewed for fabricating lamellar scaffolds by assembling different dimensional building blocks, including nanoparticles, polymer chains, nanofibers, and nanosheets. These lamellar scaffolds are often infiltrated by a second phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix. The unique architecture of the resultant bioinspired structural materials displays excellent mechanical properties. The challenges of the current research in using the freeze‐casting technique to create materials large enough to be useful are also discussed, and the technique's promise for fabricating high‐performance nacre‐inspired structural materials in the future is reviewed.

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Section: Freeze Casting For Assembling Different Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanosheets For Assembling Nacre-inspired Materials By Freezementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanosheets For Assembling Nacre-inspired Materials By Freezementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Freeze Casting For Assembling Different Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

2017

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“…[3][4][5][6] They were dispersed in a polymer matrix to form conductive percolating networks as distributed sensors in situ to evaluate the strain, stress, damage, and temperature for self-sensing and on-line structural health monitoring applications. This new class of materials should not only possess higher strength-to-weight ratio than metals but also tailored with integrated intelligence, which is desirable as infrastructures for next generation of "internet of things."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Multifunctional Composites Based on Large‐Area Stretchable Circuit with Thermoforming Technology

Yang

Vervust

Dunphy

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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decade, substantial efforts were devoted to the research and development of the nextgeneration composites. This new class of materials should not only possess higher strength-to-weight ratio than metals but also tailored with integrated intelligence, which is desirable as infrastructures for next generation of "internet of things." Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers, have received dominant attention for the creation of intelligent composites. [3][4][5][6] They were dispersed in a polymer matrix to form conductive percolating networks as distributed sensors in situ to evaluate the strain, stress, damage, and temperature for self-sensing and on-line structural health monitoring applications. [3][4][5][6] However, these composites are restricted to (piezo) resistive effect based sensing capabilities from the included nanomaterials. Nextgeneration composites, however, should not only encompass sensing capabilities but also be equipped with other functionalities such as lighting, computation, and communication elements, as illustrated in Figure 1. One straightforward solution to achieve this goal is to integrate electronic circuits with off-the-shelf components in the composites. However, these functional composites usually have complex, 3D shapes, but conventional electronic circuits are rigid and planar. The shape mismatch between 3D composites and planar, rigid electronic circuits causes difficulties in integrating electronic circuit-based intelligences.Recent advancement of flexible and stretchable circuits has paved the way for integration of electronics in unusual shapes and forms. Through materials and structure innovation, [7] the circuits become stretchable, deformable, and conformable to curvilinear surfaces, [8][9][10] enabling a spectrum of applications such as stretchable sensors and actuators, [11][12][13][14] transparent conductors, [15,16] lighting, [17][18][19] and energy devices. [20][21][22] Various types of stretchable nanomaterials, such as carbon nanomaterials [23][24][25] and metal nanowires [26][27][28] have been synthesized and integrated to elastomeric polymer matrix for stretchable circuits. Despite their superior mechanical properties and potential to achieve transparent stretchable circuits, so far it has been a struggle to deliver high enough conductivities compared to structure engineered stretchable circuits.Fiber-reinforced polymer composites with integrated intelligence, such as sensors, actuators, and communication capabilities, are desirable as infrastructures for the next generation of "internet of things." However, the shape mismatch between the 3D composites and a planar electronic circuit causes difficulties in integrating electronic circuit-based intelligences. Here, an easily scalable approach, by incorporating a large-area stretchable circuit with thermoforming technology, to fabricate 3D multifunctional composites is reported. The stretchable circuit is first fabricated on a rigid and planar carrier board, then transferred and sandwiched bet...

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Universal Control on Pyroresistive Behavior of Flexible Self‐Regulating Heating Devices

Liu

Zhang

Porwal

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

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Smart heating devices with reliable self-regulating performances and high efficiency, combined with additional properties like mechanical flexibility, are of particular interest in healthcare, soft robotics, and smart buildings. Unfortunately, the development of smart heaters necessitates managing normally conflicting requirements such as good self-regulating capabilities and efficient Joule heating performances. Here, a simple and universal materials design strategy based on a series connection of different conductive polymer composites (CPC) is shown to provide unique control over the pyroresistive properties. Hooke's and Kirchhoff 's laws of electrical circuits can simply predict the overall pyroresistive behavior of devices connected in series and/ or parallel configurations, hence providing design guidelines. An efficient and mechanically flexible Joule heating device is hence designed and created. The heater is characterized by a zero temperature coefficient of resistance below the self-regulating temperature, immediately followed by a large and sharp positive temperature coefficient (PTC) behavior with a PTC intensity of around 10 6 . Flexibility and toughness is provided by the selected elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix as well as the device design. The universality of the approach is demonstrated by using different polymer matrices and conductive fillers for which repeatable results are consistently obtained.the merits of plastics and conductive fillers. [1] Their capability of detecting and responding to external stimuli has offered a range of promising applications by performing both sensing (damage, [2] strain, [3] humidity, [4] vapor, [5] degradation, [6] and current-limiting), [7] and actuating (artificial muscles, [8] and electroactive shape memory) [9] functions. In particular, CPCs are practical choices for pyroresistive applications like self-regulating heaters, temperature sensors, and safe battery switches, due to their capability of changing electrical resistivity upon heating. [10] Since their introduction in the late 1970s, self-regulating heating devices have been widely adopted in applications like domestic heaters and deicing units. These smart heaters can operate at a nearly constant temperature over a broad range of voltage and dissipative conditions by utilizing the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect. The PTC effect, where the electrical resistivity increases with increasing operating temperature, is the main property that enables self-regulating heating. [11] The PTC phenomenon is generally explained by the mismatch of thermal expansion between the polymer matrix and the filler. [12] When the temperature increases and exceeds a certain threshold, the continuous network formed by the conductive fillers is disrupted. Due to expansion of the polymer matrix, the electrical conductivity and the current passing through the sample are reduced, regulating the temperature within a desired range. [13] Great efforts have been made to design PTC materials that p...

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Using graphene networks to build bioinspired self-monitoring ceramics

Cited by 112 publications

References 65 publications

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

Freeze Casting for Assembling Bioinspired Structural Materials

3D Multifunctional Composites Based on Large‐Area Stretchable Circuit with Thermoforming Technology

Universal Control on Pyroresistive Behavior of Flexible Self‐Regulating Heating Devices

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