Using GIS to evaluate post-release prisoner services in Newark, New Jersey

Mellow, Jeff; Schlager, Melinda D.; Caplan, Joel M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.07.010

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They also found that agencies providing similar services ( e.g ., mental health, addiction, or employment services) were clustered closely together. They concluded from this research that although neighborhood resources were present, they were not geographically accessible to the majority of parolees who might use them (Mellow et al, 2008). This study begins to address a key issue related to reentry – Where are the services located geographically that individuals re-entering society after some form of incarceration may need?…”

Section: Neighborhood Conditions and Reentry Researchmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In one study of conducted in Newark, New Jersey, Mellow, Schlager, and Caplan (2008) sought to understand the potential “match” or “mismatch” of the location of community services with the residences of the adult parolees. Using GIS technology, they found that the majority of social services were located closer in proximity to the parole district office than to the bulk of adult parolees’ residences.…”

Section: Neighborhood Conditions and Reentry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Spatial Analysis of Risks and Resources for Reentry Youth in Los Angeles County

Abrams

Freisthler

2010

Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research

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Research on youth reentering the community following incarceration has largely focused on individual risks for negative outcomes and in doing so, has overlooked the potential importance of the neighborhood context(s) where youth return. Addressing this research gap, this study explores associations between neighborhood risks and resources and rates of youth reentering the community following incarceration. Examining archival data from 272 zip codes in Los Angeles County, spatial analysis detected positive associations between rates of youth reentry and unemployment, poverty, and ethnic minority concentration. Reentry rates were also positively associated with neighborhood risks including density of off-premise alcohol outlets and level of community violence. Examining resources on their own, specifically designated youth services were positively associated with reentry rates, whereas education and mental health/substance abuse services were negatively associated. However, none of these resources were significantly associated with reentry rates when neighborhood risks were simultaneously considered. The results of this study highlight the relevance of neighborhood context in youth reentry research and lead to several directions for future study.

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Section: Neighborhood Conditions and Reentry Researchmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Neighborhood Conditions and Reentry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Spatial Analysis of Risks and Resources for Reentry Youth in Los Angeles County

Abrams

Freisthler

2010

Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research

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“…Newark also receives large numbers of individuals leaving prison, primarily because Newark has a concentration of social service agencies that provide support to marginalized populations. However these agencies are often underfunded and overwhelmed by the population’s need for services (Mellow, Schlager, & Caplan, 2008; Windsor & Murugan, 2012). The majority of the Newark population is African American (52.4%), the median household annual income in 2010 was $34,387, and 28% of the population is living below the poverty level (U.S.…”

Section: Health Disparities Substance Abuse and Incarceration In Urmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Wise: The Development of an Anti-Oppression Model to Promote Individual and Community Health

Windsor

Pinto

Benoit

et al. 2014

Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions

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Communities with histories of oppression have shown great resilience. Yet few health interventions focus on structural oppression as a contributor to health problems in these communities. This paper describes the development and active ingredients of Community Wise, a unique behavioral-health intervention designed to reduce substance use frequency, related health risk behaviors, and recidivism among individuals with a history of incarceration and substance abuse residing in distressed and predominantly African American communities. Community Wise, developed through the collaborative efforts of a board of service providers, researchers, consumers, and government officials, is a 12-week group intervention that aims to address behavioral-health problems by raising critical consciousness in distressed communities.

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“…Figure 11 is plotted by the spatial analyst of ArcView geographic information system (GIS) software, which has been also used for criminology studies (e.g. Mellow et al 2008;Caplan et al 2011). The performed density calculations express the local concentration of point values over a surface by totalling the number of points within a neighbouring area into equally sized cells.…”

Section: Percentage Of Attempted and Committed Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the success rates of maritime piracy attacks

et al. 2011

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Today, modern pirates operate both in ports and on the open sea and use state-of-the-art equipment. Their crimes range from simple robbery to murder and hijacking of entire ships for ransom demand. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the modern piracy trends and the effect of preventive actions taken by the crew of the attacked vessels. By analysing the available statistical material from the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) monthly piracy reports during the period 2000-2009, it is shown that the attack rates on specific vessel segments and the recorded incidents for each geographical area develop their own trends. Incidents off and around the African continent have resulted to fewer deaths as compared to those in South China Sea and Malacca strait indicating that this area is dominated by more violent attacks against seafarers. However, the African attacks have bigger threatening potential in terms of the weapons used, whereas the inclusion of light weaponry in Asian attacks characterises them ancestors of historical piracy. Over the 10-year investigation period, a shift is observed from acts of robbery to acts of hostage taking and hijacking particularly around and off the East African coast. Estimates of the probability of an attack are provided through logistic regression modelling indicating that the success rate decreases with vessel size. It is also shown that the attacks are emphasised on specific vessel types for example chemical and oil tankers. The importance of a heightened vigilant crew in reducing the probability of a successful attack is pointed out by the analysis' results. It is found that pirates are aiming at successful attacks regardless of their tactics and the success rate becomes higher as the pirates' capability is improved. Additionally, the success probability of an attack is decreased as the act's difficulty is increased, i.e. less success for hijacking rather than robbery.

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Using GIS to evaluate post-release prisoner services in Newark, New Jersey

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

A Spatial Analysis of Risks and Resources for Reentry Youth in Los Angeles County

A Spatial Analysis of Risks and Resources for Reentry Youth in Los Angeles County

Community Wise: The Development of an Anti-Oppression Model to Promote Individual and Community Health

On the success rates of maritime piracy attacks

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