Using Facebook ads with traditional paper mailings to recruit adolescent girls for a clinical trial

Schwinn, Traci M.; Hopkins, Joyce; Schinke, Steven P.; Liu, Xiang

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.011

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…There were several pieces of data that outlay three SDs and so were removed from statistical analysis, namely, a recruitment length of 36 months [ 31 ], an impression count of 127 million [ 43 ], a cost per click of US $1.74 [ 38 ], a conversion rate of 48% [ 24 ], and a cost per participant of US $110.00 [ 11 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Facebook in Recruiting Participants for Health Research Purposes: A Systematic Review

Whitaker¹,

Stevelink²,

Fear³

2017

J Med Internet Res

647

542

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BackgroundSocial media is a popular online tool that allows users to communicate and exchange information. It allows digital content such as pictures, videos and websites to be shared, discussed, republished and endorsed by its users, their friends and businesses. Adverts can be posted and promoted to specific target audiences by demographics such as region, age or gender. Recruiting for health research is complex with strict requirement criteria imposed on the participants. Traditional research recruitment relies on flyers, newspaper adverts, radio and television broadcasts, letters, emails, website listings, and word of mouth. These methods are potentially poor at recruiting hard to reach demographics, can be slow and expensive. Recruitment via social media, in particular Facebook, may be faster and cheaper.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the current use and success of Facebook to recruit participants for health research purposes.MethodsA literature review was completed in March 2017 in the English language using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, Google Scholar, and a hand search of article references. Papers from the past 12 years were included and number of participants, recruitment period, number of impressions, cost per click or participant, and conversion rate extracted.ResultsA total of 35 studies were identified from the United States (n=22), Australia (n=9), Canada (n=2), Japan (n=1), and Germany (n=1) and appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. All focused on the feasibility of recruitment via Facebook, with some (n=10) also testing interventions, such as smoking cessation and depression reduction. Most recruited young age groups (16-24 years), with the remaining targeting specific demographics, for example, military veterans. Information from the 35 studies was analyzed with median values being 264 recruited participants, a 3-month recruitment period, 3.3 million impressions, cost per click of US $0.51, conversion rate of 4% (range 0.06-29.50), eligibility of 61% (range 17-100), and cost per participant of US $14.41. The studies showed success in penetrating hard to reach populations, finding the results representative of their control or comparison demographic, except for an over representation of young white women.ConclusionsThere is growing evidence to suggest that Facebook is a useful recruitment tool and its use, therefore, should be considered when implementing future health research. When compared with traditional recruitment methods (print, radio, television, and email), benefits include reduced costs, shorter recruitment periods, better representation, and improved participant selection in young and hard to reach demographics. It however, remains limited by Internet access and the over representation of young white women. Future studies should recruit across all ages and explore recruitment via other forms of social media.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four papers reported an over representation of white ethnicity [ 17 , 30 , 40 , 41 ], two of African American representation [ 29 , 43 ], and 1 an over representation of Hispanic or Latino ethnicities [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Facebook in Recruiting Participants for Health Research Purposes: A Systematic Review

Whitaker¹,

Stevelink²,

Fear³

2017

J Med Internet Res

647

542

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“…Only after these procedures were complete was a girl enrolled in the study. For details on the Facebook advertising campaign, sample recruitment, and sample characteristics, see Schwinn et al 2017. All study procedures were approved by the Columbia University Morningside Institutional Review Board.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Online Drug Abuse Prevention Program for Adolescent Girls: Posttest and 1-Year Outcomes

Schwinn

Schinke

Hopkins

et al. 2017

J Youth Adolescence

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Early adolescent girls' rates of drug use have matched, and in some instances, surpassed boys' rates. Though girls and boys share risk factors for drug use, girls also have gender-specific risks. Tailored interventions to prevent girls' drug use are warranted. This study developed and tested a web-based, drug abuse prevention program for adolescent girls. The nationwide sample of 13- and 14-year-old girls (N = 788) was recruited via Facebook ads. Enrolled girls were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. All girls completed pretest measures online. Following pretest, intervention girls interacted with the 9-session, gender-specific prevention program online. The program aimed to reduce girls' drug use and associated risk factors by improving their cognitive and behavioral skills around such areas as coping with stress, managing mood, maintaining a healthy body image, and refusing drug use offers. Girls in both conditions again completed measures at posttest and 1-year follow-up. At posttest, and compared to girls in the control condition, girls who received the intervention smoked fewer cigarettes and reported higher self-esteem, goal setting, media literacy, and self-efficacy. At 1-year follow-up, and compared to girls in the control condition, girls who received the intervention reported engaging in less binge drinking and cigarette smoking; girls assigned to the intervention condition also had higher alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana refusal skills, coping skills, and media literacy and lower rates of peer drug use. This study's findings support the use of tailored, online drug abuse prevention programming for early adolescent girls.

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“…It allows users to promote products based on geographical location, gender, age, and keywords according to the product profile you want to achieve. Facebook advertising can be a marketing tool for SMEs which is more cost effective and efficient compared to other internet-based marketing [16], [17].…”

Section: Theoretical Background 21 Facebook Advertisementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) Framework in SME's Social Media Marketing Adoption

Hadining

2020

IJIES

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This research aimed to find out the factors which affected UKM/SME (small and medium sized enterprises) in adopting Facebook Ads. The factors utilized adoption model which has been developed in previous research by inserting Opportunity and Ability factors as a moderating effect between the influence of intention to use facebook ads toward the adoption of facebook ads. The background of this study was the need for the demand for the use of information technology, especially social networking in SME communication with consumers. This was intended to make SMEs survive in current technological developments. The model used in this research consisted of ten variables with nine hypotheses. Based on a survey of 100 SMEs in Indonesia, it was found that social image and perceived usefulness had a positive influence on intention to use Facebook Ads. However, there was no moderation effect from the Opportunity and Ability variable groups toward the relationship between Intention to use Facebook ads to Facebook Ads Adoption.

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Using Facebook ads with traditional paper mailings to recruit adolescent girls for a clinical trial

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

The Use of Facebook in Recruiting Participants for Health Research Purposes: A Systematic Review

The Use of Facebook in Recruiting Participants for Health Research Purposes: A Systematic Review

An Online Drug Abuse Prevention Program for Adolescent Girls: Posttest and 1-Year Outcomes

The Effect of Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) Framework in SME's Social Media Marketing Adoption

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