Using Citygml to Deploy Smart-City Services for Urban Ecosystems

Prandi, Federico; Amicis, Raffaele De; Piffer, Stefano; Soave, Marco; Cadzow, Scott; Boix, Elisa Gonzalez; D'Hont, E.

doi:10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w1-87-2013

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, their complexity may considerably deviate (Yang et al, 2011), from coarse to fine footprints as seen in Prandi et al (2013) and Ellul and Altenbuchner (2013). This is especially the case in generalisation from finer LODs (Forberg, 2007;Anders, 2005).…”

Section: Lod0 and Lod1 Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

296

163

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The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous.We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format-agnostic.Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.Keywords: Level of detail; 3D city modelling; 3D GIS; 3D building models; CityGML; Scale Highlights• CityGML LODs are an industry standard for conveying the grade of 3D city models.• The 5 LODs are not defined precisely, and they are not sufficient for this purpose.• We present a refined series of 16 LODs that overcomes these issues.

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Section: Lod0 and Lod1 Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

Biljecki

Ledoux

Stoter

2016

Computers, Environment and Urban Systems

296

163

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“…Some simple implementations about the use of webGL frameworks for 3D geospatial application are presented in Kramer and Gutbell (2015). Thick client based on Java Nasa World Wind virtual globe has been extended to support the visualization of 3D city models (Prandi ,et al, 2013).…”

Section: D City Model Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D web visualization of huge CityGML models

Prandi

Devigili

Soave

et al. 2015

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Nowadays, rapid technological development into acquiring geo-spatial information; joined to the capabilities to process these data in a relative short period of time, allows the generation of detailed 3D textured city models that will become an essential part of the modern city information infrastructure (Spatial Data Infrastructure) and, can be used to integrate various data from different sources for public accessible visualisation and many other applications. One of the main bottlenecks, which at the moment limit the use of these datasets to few experts, is a lack on efficient visualization systems through the web and interoperable frameworks that allow standardising the access to the city models. The work presented in this paper tries to satisfy these two requirements developing a 3D web-based visualization system based on OGC standards and effective visualization concepts. The architectural framework, based on Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) concepts, provides the 3D city data to a web client designed to support the view process in a very effective way. The first part of the work is to design a framework compliant to the 3D Portrayal Service drafted by the of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) 3D standardization working group. The latter is related to the development of an effective web client able to render in an efficient way the 3D city models.

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“…Similarly, Prandi et al (2013), following the tile-based approach, developed a framework in the context of a project called iSCOPE (interoperable Smart City Services through an Open Platform for urban Ecosystems). Specifically, they separated the CityGML files into tiles, storing them to the Server and finally, the Client can make requests based on the said requests.…”

Section: Related Research Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a 3d Webgis System for Retrieving and Visualizing Citygml Data Based on Their Geometric and Semantic Characteristics by Using Free and Open Source Technology

Pispidikis

Dimopoulou

2016

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:CityGML is considered as an optimal standard for representing 3D city models. However, international experience has shown that visualization of the latter is quite difficult to be implemented on the web, due to the large size of data and the complexity of CityGML. As a result, in the context of this paper, a 3D WebGIS application is developed in order to successfully retrieve and visualize CityGML data in accordance with their respective geometric and semantic characteristics. Furthermore, the available web technologies and the architecture of WebGIS systems are investigated, as provided by international experience, in order to be utilized in the most appropriate way for the purposes of this paper. Specifically, a PostgreSQL/ PostGIS Database is used, in compliance with the 3DCityDB schema. At Server tier, Apache HTTP Server and GeoServer are utilized, while a Server Side programming language PHP is used. At Client tier, which implemented the interface of the application, the following technologies were used: JQuery, AJAX, JavaScript, HTML5, WebGL and Ol3-Cesium. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the application's primary objectives are a user-friendly interface and a fully open source development.

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Using Citygml to Deploy Smart-City Services for Urban Ecosystems

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

3D web visualization of huge CityGML models

Development of a 3d Webgis System for Retrieving and Visualizing Citygml Data Based on Their Geometric and Semantic Characteristics by Using Free and Open Source Technology

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