Using Citizen Science Programs to Identify Host Resistance in Pest-Invaded Forests

Ingwell, Laura L.; Preisser, Evan L.

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01567.x

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Once the cuttings were established, both control and resistant cuttings were inoculated with HWA and adelgid settlement and survival was assessed. Adult HWA densities were significantly lower on the resistant cuttings than on the susceptible cuttings (Ingwell and Preisser 2011), supporting the hypothesis that some rare eastern hemlock individuals possess a degree of HWA resistance, and implying that this resistance is manifest as antibiosis.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Previous research (Ingwell and Preisser 2011) identified eight putatively HWA-resistant eastern hemlocks growing on state-owned land adjacent to the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area in northern New Jersey, of which trees #1-5 have been tested for resistance by bioassay of clonal saplings (Ingwell and Preisser 2011). Trees #1-5 were sampled at all collection dates, and trees #6 and #7…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…established at the University of Rhode Island by propagating cuttings from the mature trees (Caswell et al 2008;Ingwell and Preisser 2011). Cuttings of 8 cm of terminal growth were collected from the parent trees in January 2007 and rooted using a treatment of Dip-N-Grow plant hormone solution (Griffin Greenhouse Supplies, Tewksbury, Massachusetts).…”

Section: Study Site 2: University Of Rhode Island Common Garden Saplmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discovery, development, or maintenance of herbivore-resistant genetic lineages can play a key role in the conservation of plant species attacked by introduced pests (Bentz et al 2002;Burdon 2010;Ingwell and Preisser 2011;Mattson 1986;Reis et al 2004;Schoettle et al 2012). Here we address factors that may be linked to resistance to the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, abbrev.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 10-to 100-fold increase in methyl salicylate, a molecule involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathway for systemic acquired resistance (Vlot et al 2009), has also been detected in adelgid-infested eastern hemlocks (Pezet et al 2013). In other systems, some of these responses have been linked to plant defense against herbivores or pathogens (Wu and Baldwin 2010); in eastern and Carolina hemlock, however, infestation by HWA leads to tree decline and eventual mortality (McClure 1991;Paradis 2011). Resistance to HWA has been observed in rare individuals of eastern hemlock found growing vigorously in otherwise adelgid-devastated hemlock stands (Caswell et al 2008;Ingwell and Preisser 2011). Heritable resistance was assessed by propagating cuttings from these trees and control (i.e., HWA-susceptible) eastern hemlocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terpene Chemistry of Eastern Hemlocks Resistant to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

et al. 2014

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-Recent studies have identified a small number of individual eastern hemlock trees that demonstrate relative resistance to the introduced sap-feeding insect, the hemlock woolly adelgid. Using gas chromatography, we compared concentrations of twenty-two terpenoids in susceptible and relatively resistant trees, both in the forest and in propagated cuttings in a common-garden setting. Terpenoid concentrations were higher in twig tissue of resistant versus susceptible trees, across six sampling dates and at both sites. These changes may be particularly important because the hemlock woolly adelgid feeds on twig tissue. Because the common-garden cuttings were free of herbivores, the higher terpenoid concentrations are interpreted as a constitutive defense. Increased levels of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes imply an overall increase in the input of carbon precursors to both terpenoid synthesis pathways.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Site 2: University Of Rhode Island Common Garden Saplmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terpene Chemistry of Eastern Hemlocks Resistant to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

et al. 2014

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When a foundation crumbles: forecasting forest dynamics following the decline of the foundation species Tsuga canadensis

et al. 2017

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Abstract. In the forests of northeastern North America, invasive insects and pathogens are causing major declines in some tree species and a subsequent reorganization of associated forest communities. Using observations and experiments to investigate the consequences of such declines are hampered because trees are long-lived. Simulation models can provide a means to forecast possible futures based on different scenarios of tree species decline, death, and removal. Such modeling is particularly urgent for species such as eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), a foundation species in many northeastern forest regions that is declining due to the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Here, we used an individual-based forest simulator, SORTIE-ND, to forecast changes in forest communities in Central Massachusetts over the next 200 yr under a range of scenarios: a no-adelgid, status quo scenario; partial resistance of hemlock to the adelgid; adelgid irruption and total hemlock decline over 25 yr, adelgid irruption and salvage logging of hemlock trees; and two scenarios of preemptive logging of hemlock and hemlock/white pine. We applied the model to six study plots comprising a range of initial species mixtures, abundances, and levels of hemlock dominance. Simulations indicated that eastern white pine, and to a lesser extent black birch and American beech, would gain most in relative abundance and basal area following hemlock decline. The relative dominance of these species depended on initial conditions and the amount of hemlock mortality, and their combined effect on neighborhood-scale community dynamics. Simulated outcomes were little different whether hemlock died out gradually due to the adelgid or disappeared rapidly following logging. However, if eastern hemlock were to become partially resistant to the adelgid, hemlock would be able to retain its dominance despite substantial losses of basal area. Our modeling highlights the complexities associated with secondary forest succession due to ongoing hemlock decline and loss. We emphasize the need both for a precautionary approach in deciding between management intervention or simply doing nothing in these declining hemlock forests, and for clear aims and understanding regarding desired community-and ecosystem-level outcomes.

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Loss of foundation species revisited: conceptual framework with lessons learned from eastern hemlock and whitebark pine

et al. 2019

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Ecologists and conservation biologists often prioritize the study of species that are declining, threatened, or endangered over species that are abundant and ecologically important, such as foundation species (FS). Because entire ecosystems and their biodiversity depend on FS, we argue that they have high conservation priority. A citation analysis reveals that FS are studied, but often are characterized ambiguously. More effort is needed to identify FS before they, and the ecosystems they define, are at risk of decline or loss. We suggest a new conceptual framework that includes: informed identification of FS in ecosystems; documentation of ecosystem services provided by FS; a long-term monitoring strategy to detect threats to FS within specified ecosystems; and, if threats are identified, a comprehensive conservation and adaptive management strategy for FS. We use two widely distributed, rapidly declining North American foundation tree species (Tsuga canadensis [eastern hemlock] and Pinus albicaulis [whitebark pine]) to illustrate this framework. These species exemplify the importance of identifying FS early and conserving or restoring them when they are threatened.

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Using Citizen Science Programs to Identify Host Resistance in Pest-Invaded Forests

Cited by 71 publications

References 32 publications

Terpene Chemistry of Eastern Hemlocks Resistant to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Terpene Chemistry of Eastern Hemlocks Resistant to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

When a foundation crumbles: forecasting forest dynamics following the decline of the foundation species Tsuga canadensis

Loss of foundation species revisited: conceptual framework with lessons learned from eastern hemlock and whitebark pine

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