Using body composition to determine weight at maturity of male and female Saanen goats1

Almeida, A. K.; Resende, Kléber Tomás de; Tedeschi, L. O.; Fernandes, M. H. M. R.; Filho, José Gilson Louzada Regadas; Teixeira, Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida

doi:10.2527/jas.2015-0060

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Moreover, the contributions of protein and fat to total major constituents were different between sexes. This is in accordance with Almeida et al (2016) and Souza et al (2017), who demonstrated that protein and fat deposition patterns are different between sexes in growing Saanen goats. Hence, we can conclude that sex not only affects body protein and fat contents in Saanen goats, but it also influences the relationship between protein and fat accretion in the body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Multivariate relationship among body protein, fat, and macrominerals of male and female Saanen goats using canonical correlation analysis

et al. 2018

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The objective of this study was to investigate the multivariate relationship among body protein, fat, and macrominerals in Saanen goats of different sexes (castrated males, females, and intact males) using canonical correlation analysis. Individual records of 274 Saanen goats combined from 10 studies was used. Two sets of body constituents were established: the first one contained variables related to body protein or fat (canonical variate U) and the second contained variables related to body calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, or potassium (canonical variate V). Two canonical pairs were identified for each sex. However, irrespective of sex, first canonical pairs accounted for more than 87% of variance of the dependent variables, these only being used for the analysis. For canonical variate U 1 , canonical weights for protein were greater than that for fat (in castrated males, protein = 0.62 and fat = 0.41; in females, protein = 0.96 and fat = 0.039; and in intact males, protein = 0.81 and fat = 0.20). For canonical variate V 1 , in males, the highest canonical weights were for potassium and phosphorus, whereas the lowest were for calcium (in castrated males, potassium = 0.485 > phosphorus = 0.259 > magnesium = 0.206 > sodium = 0.129 > calcium = 0.081, and in intact males, potassium = 0.499 > phosphorus = 0.459 > sodium = 0.105 > magnesium = 0.024 > calcium = 0.001). On the other hand, in females, the highest canonical weights were for potassium and calcium, whereas the lowest was for magnesium (potassium = 0.539 > calcium = 0.201 > phosphorus = 0.178 > sodium = 0.088 > magnesium = 0.081). The current results may help to understand the role of sex on strength and nature of the association among body protein, fat, and macrominerals in growing Saanen goats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Multivariate relationship among body protein, fat, and macrominerals of male and female Saanen goats using canonical correlation analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Such effects reflect the empty cup weight gain, when females generally present lower rates of protein deposition in the empty body [39]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of quantitative feed restriction and sex on carcass traits, meat quality and meat lipid profile of Morada Nova lambs

Araújo

Pereira

Mizubuti

et al. 2017

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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BackgroundAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction (FR) and sex on the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of Morada Nova lambs. Thirty-five animals with an initial body weight of 14.5 ± 0.89 kg and age of 120 d were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of three sexes (11 entire males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding (ad libitum – AL and 30% and 60% FR).ResultsEntire males presented greater hot and cold carcass weights (P < 0.05), followed by castrated males and females. However, the hot carcass yield was higher for females and castrated males than for entire males. Luminosity values were influenced (P < 0.05) by sex, with entire males presenting higher values than castrated males and females. Females showed higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in the meat of the longissimus thoracis muscle. The meat of animals submitted to AL intake and 30% FR showed similar (P > 0.05) concentrations, and the concentrations of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher (P < 0.05) than those of animals with 60% FR. The meat of females had a higher ω6/ω3 ratio and lower h/H ratio, and females had greater levels of feeding. The meat of animals on the 60% FR diet had a greater ω6/ω3 ratio, lower h/H ratio and lower concentration of desirable fatty acids in addition to a greater atherogenicity index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI).ConclusionLambs of different sexes had carcasses with different quantitative traits without total influence on the chemical and physical meat characteristics. The lipid profile of the meat was less favorable to consumer health when the animals were female or submitted to 60% feed restriction.

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“…We also verified that the ME M was different between females and males, and our results are consistent with those reported by NRC (2007). Almeida et al (2016) evaluated the mature EBW in Saanen goats and reported that females reached maturity at lower EBW (i.e., 26 kg of EBW) than castrated males (i.e., 34.9 kg of EBW) and intact males (i.e., 42.6 kg of EBW). Their findings support our results of lower energy requirements for maintenance of growing females compared with growing males at similar EBW because at a given BW females show greater body fat and lesser body protein thus lower maintenance costs than males (Gill et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach was modified and scaled by EBW using the daily HP (kcal/kg of EBW) regressed against the ratio EBW/mature EBW. We adopted the mature EBW of Saanen goats reported by Almeida et al (2016), that is 34.9, 42.6, and 26.0 kg of EBW for castrated males, intact males, and females, respectively. For this approach, we only included data from goats up to the ratio EBW/mature EBW equal 1 (98 intact males, 72 castrated males, and 36 females), because our database only had data from goats greater than 1 for females and castrated males.…”

Section: Data Calculation and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements and efficiency of energy utilization in growing dairy goats of different sexes

Souza

St-Pierre

Fernandes

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex on the requirements for maintenance and efficiency of energy utilization in growing Saanen goats. A database from 7 comparative slaughter studies that included 238 Saanen goats was gathered to provide information for the development of prediction equations of energy requirements for maintenance and efficiency of energy utilization. The experimental design provided different levels of metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and empty body weight (EBW). The data were analyzed so that sex (e.g., intact males, castrated males, and females; n = 98, 80, and 60, respectively) was a fixed effect, and blocks nested in the studies and goat sex were random effects. For the development of linear and nonlinear equations, we used the MIXED and NLMIXED procedures in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Nonlinear regression equations were developed to predict heat production (HP, kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW; dependent variable) from MEI (kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW; independent variable). Using the comparative slaughter technique, the net energy requirement for maintenance (NE M ) was calculated as the value of HP at MEI equal to zero. Additionally, NE M was evaluated based on the degree of maturity. The metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance was calculated as the value at which HP is equal to MEI. Efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance (k m ) was calculated as the ratio between NE M and the metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance. Efficiency of energy utilization for growth (k g ) was assumed to be the slope of the linear regression of retained energy (RE) on MEI above the maintenance stage (model intercept equal to 0). Efficiencies of RE as protein (k p ) and as fat (k f ) were calculated using the multiple linear regression of MEI above the maintenance (model intercept equal to 0) on RE as protein and as fat, respectively. Sex affected NE M (75.0 ± 1.76 kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW for males and 63.6 ± 2.89 kcal/ kg 0.75 of EBW for females) and sex did not affect k m (0.63). In contrast, sex no longer affected NE M when degree of maturity was considered on its estimation. The k g was different between sexes (0.31 for castrated males and females, and 0.26 for intact males), but k p (0.21) and k f (0.80) were similar between sexes. These results may be useful for improving robustness of the energy requirement recommendations for dairy goats.

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Using body composition to determine weight at maturity of male and female Saanen goats1

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Multivariate relationship among body protein, fat, and macrominerals of male and female Saanen goats using canonical correlation analysis

Multivariate relationship among body protein, fat, and macrominerals of male and female Saanen goats using canonical correlation analysis

Effects of quantitative feed restriction and sex on carcass traits, meat quality and meat lipid profile of Morada Nova lambs

Energy requirements and efficiency of energy utilization in growing dairy goats of different sexes

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