Using blur to affect perceived distance and size

Held, Robert T.; Cooper, Emily A.; O’Brien, James F.; Banks, Martin S.

doi:10.1145/1731047.1731057

Cited by 125 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…As a result, when viewers fixate on blurred objects they may be able to fuse the stereo images and accommodate to the display, but the objects will remain blurred. This situation creates artifacts and incorrect scale cues [Held et al 2010].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

et al. 2015

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Reproducing a real-world scene on a multi-plane display. Given a focus stack consisting of images of a scene focused at different distances, we use optimization to determine images to show on the presentation planes of the multi-plane display so that the image seen through the display when focusing at different distances matches the corresponding image of the input scene. The presentation planes combine additively in the viewer's eye to produce an image with realistic focus cues. AbstractWe present a technique for displaying three-dimensional imagery of general scenes with nearly correct focus cues on multi-plane displays. These displays present an additive combination of images at a discrete set of optical distances, allowing the viewer to focus at different distances in the simulated scene. Our proposed technique extends the capabilities of multi-plane displays to general scenes with occlusions and non-Lambertian effects by using a model of defocus in the eye of the viewer. Requiring no explicit knowledge of the scene geometry, our technique uses an optimization algorithm to compute the images to be displayed on the presentation planes so that the retinal images when accommodating to different distances match the corresponding retinal images of the input scene as closely as possible. We demonstrate the utility of the technique using imagery acquired from both synthetic and real-world scenes, and analyze the system's characteristics including bounds on achievable resolution.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

et al. 2015

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“…We can judge an object's distance by seeing how it appears to move when we move our head (motion parallax), or by measuring the focal distance we need to bring a blurred object into sharp focus (accommodation). These examples are even geometrically equivalent to stereopsis, since all three effectively work by triangulating back from two different lines of sight to an object: from left and right eyes, from position 1 and position 2, or from diametrically opposed edges of the pupil 2,3 . Other depth cues include perspective, relative size, occlusion, shading / shadows, texture, aerial perspective.…”

Section: What Is Stereoscopic Vision Good For In Nature?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What is stereoscopic vision good for?

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2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Stereo vision is a resource-intensive process. Nevertheless, it has evolved in many animals including mammals, birds, amphibians and insects. It must therefore convey significant fitness benefits. It is often assumed that the main benefit is improved accuracy of depth judgments, but camouflage breaking may be as important, particularly in predatory animals.In humans, for the last 150 years, stereo vision has been turned to a new use: helping us reproduce visual reality for artistic purposes. By recreating the different views of a scene seen by the two eyes, stereo achieves unprecedented levels of realism. However, it also has some unexpected effects on viewer experience. The disruption of established mechanisms for interpreting pictures may be one reason why some viewers find stereoscopic content disturbing.Stereo vision also has uses in ophthalmology. Clinical stereoacuity tests are used in the management of conditions such as strabismus and amblyopia as well as vision screening. Stereoacuity can reveal the effectiveness of therapy and even predict long-term outcomes post surgery. Yet current clinical stereo tests fall far short of the accuracy and precision achievable in the lab. At Newcastle University, we are exploiting the recent availability of autostereo 3D tablet computers to design a clinical stereotest app in the form of a game suitable for young children. Our goal is to enable quick, accurate and precise stereoacuity measures which will enable clinicians to obtain better outcomes for children with visual disorders.

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“…The overall pattern of blur created by DOF is a quantitative cue for perceived egocentric distance [32] and perceived size of objects [7]. The egocentric distance information provided by defocus blur may also serve to scale other depth cues [32].…”

Section: Blur As a Depth Cuementioning

confidence: 99%

Depth perception with gaze-contingent depth of field

Mauderer

Conte

Nacenta

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Blur in images can create the sensation of depth because it emulates an optical property of the eye; namely, the limited depth of field created by the eye's lens. When the human eye looks at an object, this object appears sharp on the retina, but objects at different distances appear blurred. Advances in gaze-tracking technologies enable us to reproduce dynamic depth of field in regular displays, providing an alternative way of conveying depth. In this paper we investigate gazecontingent depth of field as a method to produce realistic 3D images, and analyze how effectively people can use it to perceive depth. We found that GC DOF increases subjective perceived realism and depth and can contribute to the perception of ordinal depth and distance between objects, but it is limited in its accuracy.

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Using blur to affect perceived distance and size

Cited by 125 publications

References 64 publications

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

Optimal presentation of imagery with focus cues on multi-plane displays

What is stereoscopic vision good for?

Depth perception with gaze-contingent depth of field

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