2022
DOI: 10.1007/s41297-021-00156-2
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Using Bloom’s taxonomy to evaluate the cognitive levels of Primary Leaving English Exam questions in Rwandan schools

Abstract: This qualitative study investigates the cognitive levels of the questions used in the English primary six leaving examinations administered in Rwandan schools from 2013 to 2019. We used the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy to scrutinize the cognitive levels of 574 exam questions. The findings revealed a remarkable predominance of the lower-order thinking skills (LOTS) (98.79%) over the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) exam questions (1.21%). The study addresses the gap in the current literature on high-stake and ac… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Vol 3 Issue 1 ISSN (Online): 2790-7171 , ISSN (Print): 2790-7163 January 2023 Muhayimana et al (2022) researched to analyze the items asked in the primary English six, leaving examinations in all educational institutes of Rwanda administered from 2013 to 2019.…”
Section: Voyage Journal Of Educational Studies (Vjes)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vol 3 Issue 1 ISSN (Online): 2790-7171 , ISSN (Print): 2790-7163 January 2023 Muhayimana et al (2022) researched to analyze the items asked in the primary English six, leaving examinations in all educational institutes of Rwanda administered from 2013 to 2019.…”
Section: Voyage Journal Of Educational Studies (Vjes)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Developers of L2 listening assessments should consider defining and operationalizing these language functions in their test specifications. A useful framework to adapt for this purpose is Bloom's taxonomy, which offers a comprehensive scope for using language in context (e.g., Muhayimana et al, 2022). We highlight this issue in the hope that it will provide food for thought for future theoretical and empirical endeavors in this field.…”
Section: Theoretical Definitionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From these data, one of the factors is cognitive function. According to Bloom's Taxonomy, cognitive function is a process of knowing, affecting, and interpersonal aspects (Wilson, 2016;Muhayimana et al, 2022;Prakash & Litoriya, 2022). In aviation navigation services, the safety and accuracy of aircraft movements are essential factors in air traffic (Shi et al, 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The technology is easy to use and reduces education costs (Dayagdag et al, 2019;Antera, 2021). Immersive technology, such as Virtual Reality, Augmented reality, and Mixed Reality, provide experience and engagement to students so that their learning motivation increases (Bryan et al, 2018;Dempo et al, 2022;Muhayimana et al, 2022). In aviation, augmented reality is for aircraft troubleshooting (Rios et al, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%