“…This mastery not only forms the bedrock for advanced cognitive abilities but also fosters effective communication, idea classification, critical thinking, and overall cognitive enhancement (Oktaviani et al, 2017;Sari et al, 2018;Sofiuddin et al, 2018). Moreover, it underpins the capacity for engaging in scientific discourse and constructing persuasive arguments based on sound conceptual frameworks (Amin & Corebima, 2016;Amiroh & Admoko, 2020;Chen & She, 2012;Demircioğlu & Ucar, 2012;Eliana & Admoko, 2020;Kim, 2015;Marhamah et al, 2017;Puspitaningrum et al, 2018;Salsabila et al, 2019;Supeno et al, 2015;Wardani et al, 2018). Therefore, by attaining mastery of fundamental concepts, students not only acquire diverse high-level skills but also cultivate the ability to construct scientifically grounded arguments employing accurate conceptual frameworks.…”