Using an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system to detect precursory phenomenon of pre-ignition in gasoline engines

Kumano, Kengo; Akagi, Yoshihiko; Matohara, Shinya; Uchise, Yoshifumi; Yamasaki, Yudai

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115341

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The configuration of the ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system, which is used in our previous paper (Kumano et al, 2020) is shown in Figure 1. The sensor consists of a sparkplug and an ion-current detection circuit integrated in the ignition coil.…”

Section: Ion-current Sensor Integrated In Ignition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tong et al (2017) revealed the pre-ignition events can be identified by detecting an abnormal rise in an ion-current signal before a spark-ignition signal as precisely as a cylinder pressure signal. Besides, the authors investigated the transition behavior from normal Kumano, Kimura, Akagi, Matohara, Uchise and Yamasaki, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, Vol.16, No.3 (2021) combustion to a pre-ignition event and proposed a method to identify precursory phenomenon of pre-ignition with ion-current signals (Kumano et al, 2020). Through the activities mentioned above, the basic method to detect pre-ignition by ion-current sensors has been established and is almost ready for market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of knocking detection accuracy by an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system

Kumano

Kimura

Akagi

et al. 2021

JTST

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Enhancement of knocking detection accuracy by an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition systemAbstract Abnormal combustion such as pre-ignition and knocking is becoming one of the biggest problems in the latest gasoline engines that have a higher compression ratio and boosting for higher efficiency. An ion-current sensor integrated in an ignition system is used for accurately detecting knocking cycles. First, the problem for accurate knocking detection with an ion-current sensor was clarified in the test engine. The oscillation in the ion-current signal was observed in knocking cycles as is commonly known in the previous research. However, heavy oscillation in the ion-current signal can be observed occasionally even in the small knocking cycles. This phenomenon leads to the misdetection of knocking cycles with the conventional signal-processing method, which defines the oscillation intensity of the change amount in the ion-current signal as a knocking indicator. Second, to solve the problem mentioned above, a new signal-processing method is proposed on the basis of the thermal characteristics of ion-current signals. This method defines the oscillation intensity of the "normalized ion-signal change rate" as a knock indicator in order to suppress the effect of temperature dependency in ion-current signals. Finally, the proposed method was applied to an actual gasoline engine, and the knocking detection performance was evaluated. The method enabled the misdetection of the knocking cycles to be avoided and enhanced the correlation factor with knock intensity compared with the conventional method.

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Section: Ion-current Sensor Integrated In Ignition Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of knocking detection accuracy by an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system

Kumano

Kimura

Akagi

et al. 2021

JTST

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“…37,38 A recent proposed application regards the possibility of detecting precursor phenomena of pre-ignition. 39 The observation of Arrigoni et al 9 that the second IC peak occurs in proximity of the pressure peak suggested the possibility of closed-loop control of spark timing. Indeed, in 1976 Hubbard et al 40 proposed closed-loop control of spark timing based on incylinder pressure signal and an optimum schedule of peak pressure angle (PPA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…37,38 A recent proposed application regards the possibility of detecting precursor phenomena of pre-ignition. 39…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the reliability of ionization current measurement in estimating peak pressure angle in a spark ignition engine

Giglio¹,

Ragione²,

Gaeta³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Ionization current measured at the spark plug during combustion in spark ignition engines has often been proposed to determine the crank-angle at combustion pressure peak, namely the peak pressure angle, for the purpose of regulating spark timing to attain maximum brake torque (MBT). The proposal is based on the assumption that agreement exists between peak pressure angle and the angular position of the ionization current second peak, although no one has ever proved it by an appropriate statistical analysis. The aim of this work, for the first time and by rigorous statistical methods, is to prove the agreement between Peak Pressure Angle and Ionization Current Second Peak Angle (ICSPA), without which a MBT control via ICSPA would be ineffective. Our experimental database consisted of about 9000 pairs of Peak Pressure Angle and Ionization Current Second Peak Angle values corresponding to 90 different operating conditions of a spark ignition engine. A two-sample comparison was first carried out between mean values of Peak Pressure Angle and Ionization Current Second Peak Angle, which showed a statistically significant difference between them. Then Bland-Altman analysis (Lancet, 1986), widely known and used for checking agreement between two different measurement methods, was conducted. It demonstrated that under almost all the experimental operating conditions, there was no agreement between the Ionization Current Second Peak Angle and the Peak Pressure Angle.

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“…Ion sensors were employed in combustion diagnostics (to detect knock and combustion phasing) by several researchers [13,14]. More recently, ion sensors are being investigated again for pre-ignition detection [15][16][17][18]. Using such a device to detect a pre-ignition event requires no additional hardware as the existing spark plug can be used as an ion current sensor when not sparking.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pre-ignition Detection Followed by Immediate Damage Mitigation in a Spark-Ignited Engine

Singh

Dibble

2021

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Pre-ignition remains a significant bottleneck to further downsizing and downspeeding technologies employed for reducing CO2 emissions in modern turbocharged spark-ignited engines. Pre-ignition, which occurs rarely, may lead to high peak pressures that auto-ignite the entire charge before TDC. The resulting high-pressure oscillations are known as super-knock, leading to sudden and permanent hardware damage to the engine. Over the years, numerous researchers have investigated the stochastic phenomenon's source and concluded that there is a role of lubricant additives, deposits, gasoline properties, and hot surfaces in triggering pre-ignition. No single source has been identified; the research continues. Here, we take a different approach; rather than continue the search for the source(s) of super-knock, we explore mitigating super-knock by detecting pre-ignition early enough to take immediate evasive action. Such evasive action is expected to suppress knock intensity, thereby saving the engine from any permanent damage.In this regard, the current work offers ways to detect pre-ignition (using ion sensors) and then mitigate engine damage by using immediate fuel enrichment. We present three related explorations.In exploration #1, we explore if the occurrence of ions products from the exhaust can warn that the next cycle has a high probability of preignition. For this next cycle, the intake fuel injection can be suspended or increased to operate engine fuel-rich. We find strong ion activity on every cycle. However, there is a weak correlation between the ion signal and pre-ignition occurrence.In exploration #2, an in-cylinder ion-current sensor is used to discover pre-ignition event unfolding during the compression stroke. When such a rare event is detected, more fuel is immediately injected, making the end gas far less reactive and avoiding autoignition and knock. These explorations #1 and #2 were conducted with a DC-based ion sensor. These explorations showed exciting and promising findings. However, our DC-based ion sensors are prone to low signal-to-noise ratio SNR, leading to false positives (unacceptably high number of false positives.)In Exploration #3, the signal-to-noise ratio improvement is explored by replacing the DC-based system with a novel AC-based system. We find the bandpass filtering of the ion signal is key to improved SNR.

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Using an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system to detect precursory phenomenon of pre-ignition in gasoline engines

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Enhancement of knocking detection accuracy by an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system

Enhancement of knocking detection accuracy by an ion-current sensor integrated in the ignition system

Assessment of the reliability of ionization current measurement in estimating peak pressure angle in a spark ignition engine

Pre-ignition Detection Followed by Immediate Damage Mitigation in a Spark-Ignited Engine

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