Using active source seismology to image the Palos Verdes Fault damage zone as a function of distance, depth, and geology

Alongi, T.; Brodsky, Emily E.; Kluesner, Jared W.; Brothers, Daniel S.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117871

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Numerous studies assessing offshore Quaternary fault slip rates, offset, geometry, and seismic activity have been conducted over the past several decades. Detailed studies exist along the Newport‐Inglewood‐Rose Canyon fault (e.g., Sahakian et al., 2017; Singleton et al., 2021), the Carlsbad/San Onofre/San Mateo fault zone (Conrad et al., 2019; Holmes et al., 2021; Wei et al., 2020), the Palos Verdes fault (e.g., Alongi et al., 2022; Brothers et al., 2015) the San Diego Trough fault (e.g., H. F. Ryan et al., 2012), and the San Clemente fault (e.g., Walton, Brothers, et al., 2020), amongst others (e.g., Astiz & Shearer, 2000; Chaytor et al., 2008; Fisher et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2009; Legg et al., 2007, 2015; Lindvall and Rockwell, 1995; Pinter & Sorlien, 1991; H. F. Ryan et al., 2009; Seeber & Sorlien, 2000; Shaw & Suppe, 1996). Most of the documented Quaternary faults are considered to be seismically active today (e.g., Walton, Papesh, et al., 2020 data compilation).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Assessment of Submarine Landslides and Mass Wasting Processes Offshore Southern California

Walton,

Conrad,

Papesh

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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It is critical to characterize submarine landslide hazards near dense coastal populations, especially in areas with active faults, which can trigger slope failure, subsequent tsunamis, and damage seabed infrastructure during earthquake shaking. Offshore southern California, numerous marine geophysical surveys have been conducted over the past decade, and high‐resolution bathymetric and subsurface data now cover about 60 percent of the total region between Point Conception and the United States‐Mexico border from the California coast out to the base of Patton Escarpment ∼200 km offshore. In a comprehensive compilation and interpretive mapping effort, we find evidence of seafloor failure throughout offshore southern California with nearly 1,500 submarine landslide‐related features, including 63 discrete slide deposits with debris and >1,400 slide‐related scarps. In our analysis, we highlight new mapping of submarine landslides in Catalina Basin, the Del Mar slide, the San Gabriel slide complex, and the 232 km2 San Nicolas slide, the largest area of any known submarine landslide mass offshore southern California. Analysis of the spatial distribution of submarine landslide features suggests that most mapped slide features are located relatively near coastal sediment sources, particularly during sea‐level lowstand conditions, which underscores the importance of sediment supply and sediment accumulation on low‐gradient slopes as failure preconditioning processes. Tectonically driven uplift at shelf edges and along basin flanks is another key preconditioning factor, and our results also suggest that earthquakes along active faults trigger mass wasting, especially for repeated, small‐scale failures on tectonically steepened slopes.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Assessment of Submarine Landslides and Mass Wasting Processes Offshore Southern California

Walton,

Conrad,

Papesh

et al. 2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Fault zones are usually described as confined and layered structures composed of series of primary faults where the majority of the co-seismic deformation occurs, and surrounded by a fractured medium also referred to as the damage zone hosting distributed deformation (Mitchell and Faulkner, 2009;Torabi et al, 2019). However, geodetic (Antoine et al, 2021(Antoine et al, , 2022Fialko et al, 2005;Hearn and Fialko, 2009;Materna and Bürgmann, 2016), field (Petersen et al, 2011;Rodriguez Padilla and Oskin, 2023), and seismic observations (e.g., Alongi et al, 2022;Perrin et al, 2021;Qiu et al, 2021;Vidale and Li, 2003;Yang, 2015;Yang et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2022) also showed the existence of a third deformation region, at the transition between the damage zone and the surrounding intact medium, where diffuse plastic yielding of the rocks would occur. This deformation region is referred to as the diffuse deformation zone (Antoine et al, 2021(Antoine et al, , 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of kilometer-wide shallow bulk plastic yielding along the 2021 Maduo, Tibet, surface rupture, and its relation with the dynamic rupture process

Antoine,

Liu,

Delorme

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Surface deformation associated with continental earthquake ruptures includes localized deformation on the faults, as well as deformation in the surrounding medium though distributed and/or diffuse processes. However, the connection of the diffuse part of the surface deformation to the overall rupture process, as well as its underlying physical mechanisms are not yet well understood. Computing high-resolution optical image correlations for the 2021/05/21 Mw7.4 Maduo, Tibet, rupture, we highlight a correlation between the presence of faults and fractures at the surface, and variations in the across-fault displacement gradient, fault zone width, and amplitude of surface displacement. We show that surface slip along primary faults is systematically associated with gradients greater than 1%, and is dominant in regions of greater coseismic surface displacement. Conversely, the diffuse deformation is associated with gradients ≤0.3%, and is dominant in regions of lesser surface displacement. The distributed deformation then occurs for intermediate gradients of 0.3-1%, and at the transition between the localized and diffuse deformation regions. Such patterns of deformation are also described in laboratory experiments of rock deformation, themself supported by field observations. Comparing these experiments to our observations, we demonstrate that the diffuse deformation along the 2021 Maduo rupture corresponds to kilometer-wide plastic yielding of the bulk medium occurring in regions where surface rupture is generally missing. Along the 2021 Maduo rupture, diffuse deformation occurs primarily in the epicentral region, where the dynamic stresses associated with the nascent pulse-like rupture could not overcome the shallow fault zone frictional strength.

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Normal fault damage zone growth in map view from analogue models

Mayolle,

Soliva,

Dominguez

et al. 2023

Journal of Structural Geology

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Using active source seismology to image the Palos Verdes Fault damage zone as a function of distance, depth, and geology

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

A Comprehensive Assessment of Submarine Landslides and Mass Wasting Processes Offshore Southern California

A Comprehensive Assessment of Submarine Landslides and Mass Wasting Processes Offshore Southern California

Evidence of kilometer-wide shallow bulk plastic yielding along the 2021 Maduo, Tibet, surface rupture, and its relation with the dynamic rupture process

Normal fault damage zone growth in map view from analogue models

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